THE STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OP THE FLOWER. 



265 



hj reduction from a qiiadricarpellary form, just as the oyary of Samhucus nigra may be 



considered bi-, tri-, or quadricarpellary by reduction from 



symmetrical condition 



S. canadensis. In the Hamamelidaceae, the 



y is bicarpellary in the hypogynous 



state, and tlio bicarpellary condition is constant along the line of advance pursued by the 

 flower in tliis family in the direction of epigyny 



If sympctaly does in 

 Sambuceae, one is struck 



d constitute a real bai 



bet 



C07 



and the 



parallelism evident in the construction of the ovary 



lessened 



little in importance by tlie occurrence of ovular rud 



d free 



styles in Samhucus. 



(b) Maulea and Alangium. 



3Iorphology of the Floicer and Ocule. 

 The flowers of Marlea are beruiapbrodite, and consist of an inferior ovary surmounted 



^7 



of from four 



o 



ht sepals, petals, and stamens 



lly six. 



cording to Clarke *, iu M. hegonifolia, seven in flowers of IL platanifolia growing 



Kew, in 1910. 



The flowers of Alangium resemble those of Marlea, except that the stamens may be 



equal to, or twice or four times as many as the petals. The ovary is unilocular. 



The ovary of Marlea, according to Bentham and Hooker f, may contain from one 

 three loculi, or it may be unilocular in the upper and trilocular in the lower portior 

 Wanserin t states that it consists of two carpels and may be either uni- or bilocular 



to 



ds a second smaller sterile loculus in M, 



The writer bas found onI\ 



celled ovaries in M. platanifolia 



Clarke § recorded an occasional 



number of carpels in M. begonifoUa when g 



under confined circumstances 



(( 



in 



in another tl 



single style. 



to the expectation that 



there were two additional imperfect cells separating the 



fully formed fertile carpels." The ovary of Mat 



riginal cell and 

 terminates in a 



The canal and the stisma are four-lobed in M. begonifolia, leading 



tyle 



made up of two or four units. Clarke compared 



Eentham 



that of Cornus alba and interpreted it accordingly, 

 and Hooker state that the ovules are suspended from a central column 



Ma 



that is, 



"y 



Clarke's "O" original figures of Jf. begonifolia confirm this 



statement. 



The ovular mamelon, in the very young flower of M. platanifolia, almost entirely 



occupies the exceedingly small loculus. 



The mamelon grows downwards and the 



nncellus develops from it obliquely. The mature ovule is tangentially orientated in 

 multilocular ovaries of M. begonifolia, from Clarke's ** figures. Harms and ^ angerm 



* B. Clarke in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii". (1850) 131. 

 t Bentham et Hooker, Gen. PI. i. pt. iii. 949. 



W. Wangerin in Das Pflunzenreich, 41 Heft, Alangiaceae, 1. 



II Bentham et Hooker, Gen. PI. ii. 949. 



* B. Clarke, I c. pi. 5. A. figs. 8, 9. 



§ B. Clarke, I. c. 130. 

 f B. Clarke, I c. pi. 5. A. figs. 2, 8, 9 



2r2 



