92 T. S. Hunt on Chemical Classifications. 





carbons are allied to certain oxygenized compounds, as H is to 

 H 2 0. Alcohol with H CI eliminates H 2 0,and produces C 2 H 5 C1, 

 but if it were to eliminate chlorinized water (CIH)O, it would 

 afford normal acetene (C^H 6 ). Phenol under certain circum- 

 stances may probably react with HC1, and yield chlorinized ben- 

 zene, C 6 H. CI.* The monochlorinized compounds correspond 

 to copulates of hydrochloric acid, and the products of the farther 

 action of chlorine with the elimination of H CI, are species related 

 to the parent acid, as binitrobenzene is to nitric acid ; chlorinized 

 acetene is H CI, in which C 2 H R ~H = C 2 H 5 replaces H, and 

 bichlorinized acetene is equally H CI where C 2 H 5 CL — H = C 2 

 H, CI is substituted for the same atom. 



The principles which we have attempted to develop in the 

 preceding pages are dependent upon a more fundamental one 

 which I have briefly announced in a late paper, and which as- 

 sumes that the various saline forms are reducible to two, the 

 types of which are seen in water H 2 O, and the protoxyds M 2 O, 

 and in hydrogen H 2 or the metals M a ; the first includes all 

 oxygenized acids and the second the hydracids. But as many 

 neutral oxygenized compounds which do not possess the saline 

 character are still derivations of acids which are referable to the 

 type of H 3 O, we may regard all oxygenized substances as be- 

 longing to this type. As nitric acid and alcohol are water, an 

 equivalent of whose hydrogen has been replaced by non-saline 

 elements, (NO., in the one case and C 2 H 5 in the other,) and are 

 necessarily monobasic, so is hydric ether, "the result of the com- 

 plete replacement of the hydrogen, a neutral substance. f 



In the same way M 2 is the type of the hydracids in which one 

 atom has been replaced by chlorine; of the metallic chlorids; 

 of the molecule of chlorine CI CI ; of the metals and their various 

 alloys ; and moreover it follows from the relations of H CI to the 

 chlorinized hydrocarbons, of all that numerous class of combina- 

 tions which are composed of those two elements, as well as the 

 alkaloids which may be regarded as amidized species of them 

 and which are equally susceptible of substitutions by chlorine. 



In considering the relations of the various ethers and the chlo- 

 rinized species of the oxygen acids, the two formed seem so 

 closely assimilated that it is difficult to discriminate between them, 



* This may probably be effected by distilling a sulphophenate with an alkaline 

 chloral ; by substituting a nitrate or other salt, we should expect to obtain a series 



of compounds corresponding to ethers. 



f Am. Jour., Sept., 1848, p. 173, and Memoirs of M. Laurent, An. de Chem. it de 

 Phys., Nov, 1846. While nitric aeid N H0 3 is H(N0 3 )0, the result of the complete 

 replac aent of H will be (N0 2 ) y O or the unknown dry nitric acid, homologue of 

 the so-called anhydrous phosphoric and arsenic acids, which are equally (P0 2 );?0> 

 &c. The formation of the arsenic anhydrid by heat is evidently the reaction be- 

 tween 2 eq. of the acid eliminating an equivalent of water, AsH0 3 =(H(A9 O a )0 

 +(H l As0 2 )0=(As0 3 ) 2 O+H, O. 



