216 
MONOGEAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE^ 
The anthei-idia are usually so placed that the antherozoids are discharged very 
near to, or even directly upon, the female organ when the latter is mature (Plate I, 
fi<r 15 ■ Plate II, fig. 2 ; Plate III, fig. 18). When they are associated with long and 
well-developed appLdages, they are usually borne near the base of the latter (Plate 
II. fjir. 5, anth.), and 
the case of Laboulbenia, there are inner and 
appendages or branches, the male organs usually occur on the inner ones, that 
1 
female. There are, however, some except 
dia and trichogynes are not thus closely associated 
for 
Teratomj 
former are borne some distance below the latter, and 
are 
r 
ed away from them. In many cases also, though the two sexes may be 
cly associated, there is often a marked tendency in the male to turn away from 
lor than towards the female, as in Stigmatomyces and Eucantharomyces. In the 
dioecious geuern, the male and fe 
proximity 
ible association resulting from the fact that the spores always become attached 
idino- to those which are formed in the ascus, and that, 
to the host m pan^s, correspoufhng 
of any given spore pair, one member produces a male while the other produces a 
female (Plate V, figs. 2, 5, 17, 20, and 23). Notwithstanding the fact that the male 
and female organs are in general so closely associated, it is more than probable that 
■ 
cross-fertilization occurs quite as frequently, if not more frequently, than close fertili- 
zation ; since not only are the species as a rule more or less gregarious in habit, but 
the maturition of the antherozoids invariably precedes that of the trichogyne, and the 
former continue to be produced long after the latter has been fertilized, in many 
4 
cases after the perithecium has matured and begun to discharge its spores. This is 
true of forms having but a single perithecium ; but more strikingly so in those which 
produce several succes.sive perithecia. In Dimorphomyces, for example, the antheri- 
dium of the male individual continues to produce antherozoids indefinitely, while the 
female may produce two or even four sets of perithecia. The same extension of the 
functional period of the male is also seen in all the genera having compound anthe- 
ridia. In forms having simple antheridia the same extension of functional activity in 
the male is often effected by the production of new antheridial cells or new fertile 
branches after the fertilization of the trichogyne. 
As has been previously mentioned, the antherozoids are formed, in those genera 
which produce them exogenously, as lateral branchlets, the whole or portions of which 
become separated in the form of long slender rods (Plate XXIV, figs. 21, 24 ; Plate 
XXIII, figs. 21-23), having a definite cell wall, while in the genera producing them en- 
dogenously the contents of the venter of the antheridial cell are protruded through 
t 
