224 MONOGRAPH OF THE LABOULBEXIACE.E 
further upward, destroys the two remaining series of canal-cells (cc and tc), and 
finally forcing their way between the lip-cells {w z) the spores make their exit 
through the permanent pore thus formed. 
The special instance which has been selected as an illustration of the development 
of the female organ, although it may be considered typical of the process as it occurs 
in the family generally, does not, as has been noted, represent the invariable course of 
development in all cases, when the details of the successive changes are considered ; 
and it will therefore be necessary to compare the processes described with the corre- 
sponding conditions presented by certain other genera. 
The exact point of origin of the bud which is to develop into the perithecium, in 
so far as concerns its position wnth reference to the cells of the receptacle, is, as has 
been previously mentioned, subject to many variations in the different genera, 
although that which has just been described is the most common. The genus Amor- 
phomyces, to which reference has several times been made, presents the most essential 
difference in this respect ; since the terminal and subterminal cells of the germinating 
spore constitute the primordial cells of the procarpe and of the perithecium proper, 
respectively ; the latter dividing and growing up around the former as in the case of 
Stigmatomyces just described (Plate V, fig. 23, d, c). In several other cases, as in 
Rhadinomyces and Enarthromyces (Plate III, figs. 13-18), the female organ first 
appears as a free bud, developed from a cell, not necessarily the sub-basal cell, of the 
ptacle ; and this bud having become divided by a cross partition 
sup 
* 
posed cells, the same changes which have already been described in detail^ take place 
in essentially the same way, as will be presently noted, 
A very remarkable variation from the method above described by which the 
primordia of the perithecia and sexual organs arise from the receptacle, occurs in 
Zodiomyces; a genus in which these organs, instead of originating as superficial out- 
growths, are formed as buds from a layer of cells which line the bottom of the cup-like 
extremity of the receptacle. This cup-shaped portion, though open at maturity, 
Plate XXIII, fig. 8, originates as a closed cavity below the base of the primary 
appendage, fig. 5, :r, which becomes open as a result of the destruction of the super- 
ficial cells above it, which is effected by numerous sterile appendages that make their 
way out, fig. 6,y. The cells which give rise to the perithecia "are thus primarily 
derived from the central parenchyma of the body of the receptacle. The course of 
development of the perithecia, in this instance, does not appear, however, to differ 
very materially from that already described. 
Apart from these differences in origin, the development of the female organ corre- 
