234 MONOGEAPH OF THE LABOULBENIACE^. 
The cells which make up the body of the perithecium proper, all arise, on the other 
hand, from the primordial cell of the perithecium, which lies wholly below that of the 
procarpe. Its first division, with a few possible exceptions, separates it into two more 
or less obliquely superposed cells. From each of these cells upgrowths arise ; one 
from the lower and two from the upper, which still retains its protoplasmic connection 
with the primordial cell of the procarpe. The lower becomes separated from its single 
upgrowth, and constitutes the primary stalk-cell ; while the upper is similarly separated 
from its two upgrowths and constitutes the secondary stalk-cell. There are thus two 
Stalk-cells surmounted by three upgrowths which have become separated from them 
and form three distinct cells, that begin to grow up around the base of the primor- 
dial cell of the procarpe. The body of each of these cells constitutes one of the three 
basal cells of the perithecium. From these three cells then arise eight upgrowths, 
four of which are external, while the remaining four are included by them a°nd form 
an inner series. As a result of continued terminal growth, accompanied by the forma- 
tion of a variable number of septa by which the growing tip is successively separated 
from the portion below, an envelope is formed which completely encloses the female 
nd Its products : consisting of an outer series of cells, arranged in fou 
up of a definite number of superposed 
ro ws 
of the perithecium ; and of an inner series of cells similarly arranged, the lowest mem- 
bers of which have been called the parietal cells, while those above them are termed 
the canal-cells. Of the two series, the outer forms the perithecial wall, the inner 
bemg desti^yed, with unimportant exceptions, to make room for the ascus and snore 
provide a channel through which the spores may p 
point 
f exit between the apposed terminal, or lip-cells, of 
General MdcUions and Character of the Cells. We ha^e^already s7en that the gelati- 
ous membrane which surrounds the ripe spore persists, in the growing and in the 
a ure plant, as a general envelope within which the cells undergo their independent 
iv..ons and modifications. This envelope, though thin, is tough and very impervious, 
'^ '" "" "^" !^ '"f °""^' ^^"^^ ^^'-^J^ing fl^^ids in a manner which greatly increases 
mculties associated with any attempt to obse 
that take place in the cells within it. In 
and other changes 
some 
xy be separated 
It! S:' l."^"-!"' ^^l'" ^°'-"- - -^"> when the speciLn is ..y, b. 
pplication of 
themselves 
and 11 
„. , ,^ „ """ "'=^'''" '" ^'A'^i' t^^^e resulting in the swelling of the 
a> ers of the cell walls and the bursting of the envelope, through which the cells 
" -y protrude while still connected, as is represented in Plate III, figs. 10 
In other cases the envelope appears to be ™ore firndy and intimatelv con- 
\ 
