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MONOGRAni OF THE LABOULBEXIACE^. 237 
th<at the nucleus divides, and that the two resultant nuclei separate before tlie wall is 
formed between them. 
Although a considerable amount of time has been expended in an endeavor to 
determine the nature of the nuclear changes which take jflace in the female organ 
during and after fertilization, I do not as yet feel in a position to make anj definite 
statement concerning them, and have not ventured to give any drawings of the often- 
conflicting phenomena observed. Any one having an opportunity to study an un- 
limited series of specimens of Sh'fjmatomyccs Bacn, for example, in a fresh condition, 
would probably meet with no great difficulty in determining tliese matters; since from 
the considerable size of this species, its densely gregarious habit, and tlie nature of it*-- 
trichogyne, it is peculiarly well adapted for tliis purpose. Of all the Laboulbeniaceas 
none, however, is better suited for study in these respect^ limn the foiin described 
below as Enarthroniyces indlcus, by reason of its large size and great simplicity; but, ns 
a rule, observations of this nature arc made with the greatest dilliculty, owing chiefly 
to the lack of unlimited material in the proper condition of development and the 
impervious" character of the envelope, which so seriously interferes with the action of 
stains. 
Abnormal Morj)hoJog>j and Development. In examining a large body of material, 
cases are often met with in which the course of development, usually characteristic 
of a given species, is modified in various ways, and some of these modifications are 
sufficiently curious to call for mention in this connection. Among the simpler in- 
stances, abnormal septation in individuals of the cells, for example, of the receptacle, 
frequently occur in genera like Laboulbenia, in Avhich the latter consists, with few 
exceptions, of an invariable number of cells. Such an instance is represented in fig. 
9y Plate XXj the basal and sub-basal cells being thus divided, while in some ca«es a 
much more complicated cell division has been observed. 
An abnormal production of branches in the appendages, due, as a rule, to breakage 
and subsequent renewal, is very common, especially in species in which the latter are 
filamentous, and 
ty of form and b 
o 
does not occur in normally developed plants. The multiplication of appendages, nor- 
mally single or definite in number, sometimes occiu's, however, not as a result of in- 
jury ; as in Stigmatomyces, the normally single appendage of which is rarely furcate 
near the base, each branch becoming a functional appendage. 
The same is true in regard to the production of accessory perithccia. While in 
many forms more than one is usually produced, in a majority of genera it is typically 
solitarv. In the latter class, however, instances are sometimes met with of the produc- 
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