MOXOGRAPII OF THE LABOI'MIKNIACK^E. 309 
of two cells, a lower (cell II) and an iipj^cr (coll IV), the inner uppiu' porfion of which m 
scparatoJ as a third cell (cell V, which is in rcaliiy nuidc up of two ccUb placed liuh* by bide), 
the former consisting of a h>\ver (cell VI) and an upper (cell VII) (»hli<pi(^ly snj^erposcd. 
Appondaijos arising from a bhickcned insertion cell above ccIIh IV and V (exef^ptionally from a 
variable mmibcr of subdivisions of these ccllf^. iti which case the black iu8(*rtion cell in wanting). 
Pcrithccium solitary, compressed, asyramctricnl or noarly symnietrica!, rarely appcndiculatc, 
sessile or stalked, having four wall-cells in each longitudinal row. Appondagr?; somctimo.s 
numerous, but typically consisting of two basal cells, from the outer of which arises one, from 
the inner two branches or scries of branches, the inner fertile bearing the flask-sliaped nnthcridia, 
singly or more or less irregulaily grouped. Ascogenic cells two, lutcraL Asei foui*-s]H)red. 
Spores once septate. Tricliogyne filamentous, simple or bi*anclied. 
Owing to the occurrence of several excoplionul modificationH in tlic siructure of cortain 
members of this genus, it is very difficult to characterize it briefly and concisf^ly ; and owing to 
the fact that it contains nearly half of all the members of the family, its variations are, as might 
be c:cpected, xcry considerable* The more striking departures from what may be considered the 
tyi>e form, arc illustrated by the following species : L. Gyrinidaruinj L. Gucrlnii^ L. Orecioijyri, 
L. OherLliuri^ L. variabilis^ L. hracldataj L. fdsciculata^ and to a less extent by L. prof if c runs 
(Plates XX [ and XXII), in all of which the usual black insertion cell is absent or modified, 
while cells IV and V have undergone division above into a scries of cells difTerenlly arranged in 
different cases, all of whieh may give rise to appendages. A fuiiher abnormal soj'latiun of these 
two cells of a somewhat (Jiffercnt character is seen in L, Clivina^ (Plate XXI, figs. 10-17), a 
species otherwise peculiar for the coalescence of its appendagf^s at the base. Typically the 
black insertion cell bears above it two cells, an outer forming the base of a single simple or 
branched sterile appendage; the inner giving rise on either side to a branch whieh is fertile and 
may be variously divided. The complications of this simple type are, however, numerous and 
often very striking, resulting cither from the sub-division of one or of both of these basal cells, 
and the production from them of more numerous branches; or from a combination of both these 
modifications. Such variations are well illustrated by species like L. Urachlni^ L. luxuriannj L, 
minimny L. zanzibarina or L. Galeritrje. 
A second departure from the typo form is illustrated by such species as X. Kunheli^ Z. lotif/i- 
colUs, L. Galeritm and their allies (Plates XVllI and XIX), in which the lower cells in each of 
the four series of wall-cells of the perithecium becom^^ greatly elongated, forming a well defined 
stalk on which the latter a[)pcars to be borne. 
The perithecium is also subject to considerable variation in form, especially as regards the 
) or 
modifications of its lip-cells- In two cases tlie latter are appendiculate (X. Gyrinidarm 
L. cornuta); while in others they are curiously cxj»anded (i. umlonatay L. texanaj etc 
irrcf^ular. The four rows of wall-cells may sometimes show a distinct spiral twist, as in L.arcu- 
ata, i. decipirns (Plates XVIII and XX) and a few other forms, and are compo.-.ed of four cells 
each ; although, except in younger specimens, the usual blackening below the pore obscures the 
upper septa. 
Tlie trlchogyne, although it is sometimes merely a simple, sparingly septate filament, is more 
commonly, often very copiously branched, the receptive tips being cither straight (Plate II, fig. 3), 
or in many instances spirally twisted (Plate XXI, fig. 15). The anthcridia are generally very 
