370 JIONOGExVPII OF THE LABOULBEXIACE.E. 
in the group, while the origin of its perithecia is quite unique. Starting with the slender spore, 
the basal segment of which is far shorter than the terminal, the young plant begins its develop- 
ment by the formation of numerous transverse partitions in both segments (fig. 1). The distal 
cells n-ive off a variable number of simple branches, and in the mean time longitudinal divisions 
appear here and there (fig. 2), whicli become rapidly more numerous (fig." 3) until the main 
body is for the most part divided into small, very numerous, squarish cells (fig. 4). The main 
body of the fungus then assumes a more or less clavate form, and is terminated by what may 
be called the prmary appendage^ the basal cells of which may have a few longitudinal septa 
(fig. 5), the distal ones producing long, slender branches. A more rapid growth peripherally 
of the portion below the base of this primary appendage causes tlic wall-cells in this rep:ion to 
arch outward, producing a more or less distinct cavity, completely enclosed within, as is indi- 
cated in fig. 5. As this cavity enlarges, secondary appendages begin to groiv inward and n])ward 
from the inner surfaces of the cells forming its lateral walls; while from the cells forming its 
floor the perithecia arise. As a result the secondary appendages break through at the base of 
the primary appendage, which is turned to one side and soon disappears. This condition is 
shown in fig. 6, in whicli the terminal cavity is indicated partly as if seen in section, the second- 
ary appendages having burst out above it and turned the primary appendage to one side, its 
base being represented at the left. The cavity goes on enlarging till the perithecia begin to be 
protruded within the circle of secondary appendages (fig. 7) ; while by further general growth 
the mature condition is finally reached, as represented in fig. 8. A longitudinal section through 
the fertile portion of an adult individual then presents the condition sliown in fig. 9, which is 
drawn from a microtome section kindly made for me by Dr. Richards, but is to some extent 
diagrammatic. Half only of the cup-like extremity is represented, the rim at tlie right showing 
the sterile secondary appendages arising from its inner face. Tlie flattened bottom of the cup 
is seen to consist of crowded parenchyma cells, from which arise directly the perithecia in vari- 
ous stages of development, and the small and inconspicuous antheri.liul appendages. The latter 
consist of a few, usually three, superposed, rather short cells, bearing at the tips (figs. 21-23) 
one to three (usually two) rather large, rod-like bodies, which must be considered exogenous 
antherozoids, and suggest in a way the spermatia of some lichens. These appear to be formed 
successively, as in the case of Ceratomyces; but owing to the comparatively small size of the 
anthcndia and the difficulty of observing them in crushed specimens, this point could not be 
definitely ascertained. The antherozoids themselves evidently fall off; since they may fre- 
quently be found lying loose about the bases of the perithecial stalks, and in this position they 
seein to be sought out by the trichogynes, which at first invariably grow downward (figs. 9 
and 16). j a \ 
The development of the perithecium is illustrated by figs. 10 to 20 and fi-. 25. They arise 
primarily as an outgrowth or upgrowth from one of the superficial cells forming the bottom of 
11 T ior' P'^*'"'^"^ ^\ong^te^ and becomes divided by two septa into three superposed 
ceils (hg. Id). Of these cells the upper, as far as can be determined, follows a development simi- 
lar to that by which the perithecium is usually formed in members of the group dividing Into 
two primordial cells (fig. 14), the lower of which forms the perithecium proper, the latter the 
procarpe. The tnchogyiie is always simple and terminal, consisting of a filament of variable 
lengtU, which, as has just been mentioned, grows downward (fig. 16) toward, the base of the 
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