II 
A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE RELATING TO ICE AS A VE 
IIICLE OF DISEASE AND TO THE BACTERIOLOGY OF ICE. 
A. INFECTIOUS DISEASES ATTRIBUTED TO POLLUTED ICE AND ICE-CREAM. 
The interest of the authors in this subj 
was 
fi 
used by the practi 
nuc 
connected with ice supply and the public health. As 
appear 
the 
P 
mediately following, diseases, and particularly typhoid fever 
frequently been attributed to impure 
The first outbreak of d 
directly ascribed to 
ported in th 
try in 1875/^' at the summer 
of Rve Beach. Dr. Nichols of Boston, who 
was called in to hivestigate the affair, found the illness, a more or 
less severe 
disorder, confined to the guests of one of the two large hotels of the pi 
The other hotel and adjacent cottages were unaffected 
The milk and water suppli 
and the drainage appeared above suspicion. The ice for the hotel, ho 
on a small pond whose waters were rendered very foul by a mass 
of 
of 
aposed 
and of 
f marsh 
d and decomposing sawdust 
A chemical 
Ij 
fr 
th 
pond, showed high total 
g-anic matte 
and 
free and albuminoid. Three cases of the disease outside th 
ad 
eviden 
still 
some 
directly following the use of this ice m 
later Dr. Smart, U. S. A.,^^; attributed 
in a Rocky Mountain army post to the 
■ 
snow. The high organic content of the water in early sp 
this ( 
onger 
Three year 
tent fever 
of a " malarial remittent 
n of mountain streams by melti 
•ing was probably d 
ause, and he believed that the " mat erics morbi" of mal 
origni. 
I 
the 
f 1879 
utbrcak of dysentery 
d 
had 
n C 
ilar 
(3) Out 
hired 
which is discussed in the Second Report of the Board of Health of that State 
of the eleven persons, including the family residing in a certain farmhouse, two 
men, and relatives who came to assist in nursing, there were eight cases of dysentery 
three of them fatal, and two cases of persistent diarrhoea. The drinking w 
gave satisfactoi 
s 
alysis, but 
adj 
the 
was 
damp 
and 
am w^hlch served 
polluted, and the ice used came from a small stn 
for pigs. Analysis of the ice-water showed hicrh ammonias, and 
running pla 
ppe 
d 
