SEDGWICK AND WIXSLOW. — BACILLUS OF TYrilO]!) FKVFn. 473 
investigators the most probable cause of tbe disease. In (lie Kottoil of the 
same 
Board for 1882/^' an 
interesting single case of typhoid fovrr is oiled as probably 
derived from ice. The patient had lived alone for some monlliH in a liouse wboso 
sanitary conditions were apparently perfect. He was inordinately fund of icc-uatcr. 
and the ice for his house was cut on a small pond near by. Tl 
tion that the drains from some laborers' houses emnfied din-p 
cstigi 
emptied dircclly info the pond, 
that in these houses there had been three cases of typlioid fever during (he prr^ 
summer. Attention was also called to the general danger from ice fupjdy, by 
Connecticut State Board of Health in 1880, by the iATiissaclmsetl-- ?ia(e Bonn 
1876 and 1889, by the Michigan Board in 1882 and 1884, by the New Hami)sliirc 
Board in 1882, the New York Board in 188G, the Minnesota Board in ISSG, and the 
sanitary authorities of Chicapro in 1896 and of Milwaukee in 1876. 
Duclaux^^^ appears to have been the first Euroj 
g 
fU 
1 
h a recent French writer^'^ mentions an ice epidemic at **E 
*t 
in 1882, of which we have found no other account. Duclaiix enlarged at length npon 
the danger from ice, especially the artificial ice made in Paris from the water of 
certain highly polluted canals. In 1893 Professor Kiche^*" made a long report to the 
Conseil d hygiene d de saluhrite de la Seine upon the dangers to the inhabitants of 
Paris from the sale of highly polluted ice. He quoted a letter from Pu.-iciir as 
folio 
Le docteur Roux vous a dit son opinion, et c'est aussi la mienTic, que 
eau impropre a la boisson Test egalement pour preparer, en hiver, de la glace i)our 
I'alimentation. Les microbes inoffensifs ou pathogenes resistent prcsrjue tons a des 
temperatures meme tres basses." M. Riche showed that much of the Paris ice came 
from contaminated 
d recommended strong legal restrictions upon 
Finally, Dr. Dorange, in the Revue d' Hygiene f''^ described a supposed ice-epidemic 
of typhoid fever at the military post of Rennes in the autumn of 1895. Eight 
lieutenants of the regiment there stationed were taken ill between the twelfth and 
the twenty-fifth of December. The fact that these officers did not habitually live in 
common but had all been present at a regimental banquet upon the fourth of 
December, pointed 
the moment of infection. The higher offi 
dined In a separate room, and used no water but the town supply, which was excel- 
lent. The lieutenants, on the other hand, drank a " tisane " of champagne mixed with 
chilled water. The man who provided this claimed that it also was derived from the 
regular town-supply. The fact that the town water could be obtained l)y him only 
from a considerable distance and under strict police regulations, led Dr. Dorange to 
suspect that he had made use of 
stood in the room 
