% 
48C 
SEDGWICK AND WINSLOW. 
BACILLUS OF TYPHOID FEVER. 
Liiter III tlie same jciir Bordoni-Uffreduzzi'''*^ published a paper in which he took 
Prudden on .several points. He contended that the changes of 
pcriincnts were too abrupt, that th 
of 
had 
germs worked 
by 
on 
ficial media, and that the effect had 
been abnormally severe on account of the small size of the tubes f 
He himself 
ah 
the natural water in one of 
frost, and then kept a la 
irig off samples for analv 
■J 
of the 
month 
tiiclpal basil 
in a doubl 
He found 1 
of Berlin, iust befo 
zinc 
bacteria were killed, and thought the duration of the freezing 
break 
about 90 per cent of 
d not make 
any material diflfere 
the mioqual dlstribi 
His results, of 
of the bacteria 
varied very widely on 
of 
th 
Piussell^^') a little later made similar experiments at M 
Wisco 
he found that the ice formed 
Lake Mendota 
germs p 
th 
water 
If 
A 
d about 40 per cent of 
tl 
ic 
St 
Board of Health of M 
1889 
eady cited 
in which i 
was m 
d 
tj 
f 
sources was analyzed 
Averncrlntr nil rn«nUa 
fifty 
mpan 
with the water on which it had formed 
there were 81 per cent as many bacteria present 
ice as in the water, 10 per cent in all the rest of the 
d 
in the clear ice. In 
2 
per 
cent 
1 
ted 
an isolated but 
ulated 
gnificant 
:i 
the typl 
f the Board for the next year,<'*'> Mr. Hiram F. Mills 
experiment in which sterilized tap water was 
at intervals. The results 
germ, kept in a bottle surrounded by 
an 
d 
pled 
were 
follows 
Day 
1 
5 
10 
Number of Typhoid 
Bacilli. 
6120 
3100 
490 
Day 
15 
20 
25 
N'umber of Typhoid 
Bacilli. 
100 
17 

Tak 
altogether, more exact 
that some 90 per cent of ordinary 
of freezing. As 
iilar, of the 
tudies confirm the rough estimate of Pen 
o 
bacter 
per 
ed 
minated by the process 
the evidence is very 
typhoid bacillus, probably th 
e 
of specific pathog 
ly form of great practic 
d 
P 
abl 
O 
The only results hitherto, as far as we have been 
discover, which fix q,,antitatively the effect of cold on this 
three experiments of D 
Prudden and the 
rganism, are th 
b 
Massachusetts State Board of Healtl 
single experiment 
of the biologists of 
for 
These certainly appear to form a slender 
of typhoid fever 
to the importance of ice-supply as a possible source 
! 
^ 
