524 
SEDGWICK AND WINSLOW. 
BACILLUS OF TYPHOID FEVER. 
during the nine years considered. He demonstrated a certain inverse relation 
4 
between an excess of precipitation and the prevalence of typhoid fever just as in the 
case of the variation in ground-water level, and considered both factors as of impor- 
tance. Of the fifty-six months in which precipitation and ground-water level varied 
in the same sense, forty-six showed a variation of typhoid morbidity in the opposite 
sense. . 
rii 
The studies relating to the cases at the Munich Hospital were extended 
ty by Pettenkofer in 1868 
He reproduced a chart prepared by F. Wa 
whicli gives by 
m 
the typhoid mortality for the whole city from 1850 to 1867 
m 
comp 
with the precipitation and the height of the ground water. 
Th 
seasonal distribution of the d 
coincided 
that observed at the hospital 
number of typhoid deaths for the whole city being as follows 
J 
F 
1 
M 
A 
M 
1 
J 
J 
15.8 
1 
A 
1 
B 
1 

N 
D 
aa.r. 
3G.8 
r,i.8 
23.1 
17.6 
15.2 
16.7 
16,1 
15.0 
lao 
28.5 
A long series of polemical papers on the relation of typhoid, and more particularly 
of cholera, to the ground water was contributed by Pettenkofer to the '' ArcMv fur I1>J- 
7^W?e"and the '' Zcitschrift fiir Bwlogie;' ;x^di his conclusions were finally summarized 
in pamphlet form.^"^)' <»«> Por a time the theories of the Munich school appeared 
hold 
field 
1854 
Virchow ^^"'^ studied the typhoid mortality in Berlin for the period 
water level. A 
and concluded that there was a striking inverse relation with the 
gJ 
ro un 
d 
ow 
d Guttstadt 
1 
published curves for Berl 
fr 
S. 
d 
the 
pe 
and 
an 
vers^ 
1883 to 
ation to 
the grouud-wator level. Finally, a mo.st elaborate presentation of the facts 
by Dr. So} 
part on th 
water froii 
188 
Like 
f 
thor rested his case 
in large 
the intensity of the disease and the height of the g 
3 
to year- but h 
length. Althoucrh his table 
eated of the seasonal variations at some 
o 
« # 
produced bel 
of the monthly distribution of the d 
in seventeen 
ed 
an autumnal maximum in all but four cases, 
he 
red that these exceptions, Augsburg, Munich, Prague, and Vienna, proved the 
I 
d 
one. 
I 
