I 
SEDGWICK AND WINSLOW. — BACILLUS OF TiTIIOlD FKVKR. '^''0 
uj; 
that the summer was marked by unnnportunt oscillations. This Innueiice of the 
season he attributed to the effect of temperature and moisture, nnd he coiU'liukMl that 
a moderate temjoerature accompanied by humidity furnished tlio conditions most 
favorable for the spread of the disease. Further evidence was contributed by Buchan 
and Mitchell/^^^^ who tabulated deaths by weeks from all causes distinguished by the 
Registrar-General in London, for thirty years, 1845-74, and for cnch disease ploucd 
a curve showing the average weekly deviation from the general weekly mean. For 
typhoid fever only the six years, 1869-74, were available as prior to 18C9 typhii<. 
typhoid and continued fevers were not distinguished. The curve showed a maximum 
in October and November and a miniuium from the middle of May to the end of.lnnr, 
the rise beginning only at the beginning of July, " when the heal of summer has 
fairly set in." 
Pistor/""- who compared the typhoid cases and deaths for lSSr,-S5 in Berlin, with 
the height of the ground water and of the river Spree, the precipitation, llie hei»,dit of 
the barometer, and the temperature of the air and the earth, difTcred from Vircliow 
and Guttstadt (see above) in finding no marked correspondence with the ground-water 
variations. As regards temperature, he concluded that "typhoid is in general more 
abundant in the hot months than in the cold; it appears, however, tliat mild and 
damp spring, autumn, and even winter months favor its spread, although not m fli«' 
, same degree as the hot season." Almquist/^^^^ who studied in detail the seasonal 
prevalei 
that an 
f fourteen diseases in Goteborg, concluded with regard to typl 
1 
but that this nicreai>e 
is sometimes postponed till the end of the year or the beginning of the next year. 
A second maximum in January is sometimes combined with the summer maxunnni. 
Dryness and the variation in the ground-water level, and '^^^^^'^^^^^^ ^^'l ''"'"'! ,^|] 
summer and autumn, appeared to him to be operative. Goldberg,'""' ni b , ma eau 
elaborate study of the seasonal prevalence of a large ""^'^'' "^^^^^'^''^^"'^^^^^^^^ 
to various meteoroloLrical conditions, and arrived at the conclusion that tic wta la 
influen 
plicati( 
on the 
\ 
the mortality from the infectious diseases both by its effect on the^ ^^^^^ 
' the germs and their facilities for entrance into the body an. } i s c ^^ 
1 resistance of the human body in its reaction against t^^^^'"^^^^"- ^^ °' ^ 
isms. With regard to typhoid fever he anal}' 
and Cologne, and summed up his results as 
A. As regards individual disposition, the 
the resistance against typhoid. 
for Berlin, Hamburg 
follows 
of air temperature weaken 
^- As regards time-and-phice disposi 
34 
