530 
SEDGWICK AND WINSLOW. 
BACILLUS OF TYPHOID FEYER. 
1. Tiic rise of tjphoid morbidity and mortality in Berlin regularly follows the 
rise in the tcinpcraturc of the earth one-half to one meter below the surface. 
2. The very different annual periods and annual variations in Berlin, Hamburg, and 
Cologne correspond throughout to the rhythm of the movements of the ground water. 
3. TliO distribution of rainfall in Berlin and Hamburg, if allowance be made for 
evaporation, cxi)lains satisftictorily the variations both in the height of the ground 
water and the frequency of typhoid fever. 
Goldberg noted what so many other observers have failed to consider that not only 
the (cMiperature of a given month but also the course of the temperature curve during 
the months innncdiately preceding, must be considered ; thus the same mean monthly 
temperature in May and October need not correspond to the same amount of typhoid. 
temperature favored the spread of typhoid fever, and believed 
that this was due to a lowering of the vital resistance of the human body by extremes 
lie 
saw that a hio-h 
of temperature. 
The 
JUl 
of 
lU 
id fe\ 
t evidence bearing upon the relation of heat to the preval 
publlbhod in 189 
ted by Davids 
Geograph 
Pathology 
d 
Tliis author strongly emphasized the seasonal character of 
and considered the temperature to be the one factor of 
He .stated that in So 
P 
portan 
Australia, Victoria, and IN 
xunum 
the autumn 
South Wales typh 
September 
tobe 
ths of March, April, and May, and its minimum in 
Novemb 
In Queensland the 
II 
pon 
hot 
maxim 
seems to fall 
from November to February. For India, he concluded that 
in the Bengal Presidency the disease attains its maximum in the second quarter 
Central India, Bombay, and Madras 
d Germany, he mentioned tl 
d quar 
In consid 
o 
E 
O 
as quoted below, he 
maximum: and fo 
gave specific figures as to monthly pre\ 
Monthly Pkevalence of Typhoid Fever. 
Compiled from figures given by Davidson 
PUce, 
Period. 
Fiuhiiul 
France 
(Paris) 
France 
1889 
NumWr 
of Cases. 
18G8-78 
(Marseilles) \ 
Italy 
Norway 
Scotland 
(principal towns) 
Sweileu 
1886-87 
tbree years 
1886-87 
I 1876-85 
1886-H7 
639 
Moutlily Percentage of Total for Year, 
J. 
3.1 
6.2 
3138 
3.148 
10743 
6.7 
6.7 
11.3 
8.5 
8.9 
F. 
4.2 
5.7 
4.2 
6.5 
7.3 
7.7 
6.5 
M 
2.8 
4.6 
A. 
M. 
4.4 
6.8 
8.9 
7.4 
2.7 
4.9 
5.3 
4.2 
4.5 6.5 
J. 
3.1 
4.9 
J. 
11.9 
6.9 
A. 
7.2 
8.4 
7.4 
6.8 5.9 
7.3 
5.8 
8.8 
6.3 
7.0 
7.2 
6.1 
7.4 
i).i 
10.4 
9.4 
7.0 
5.9 
8.1 
20.5 
12.3 
14.6 
11.2 
8.1 
7.4 
10.3 
s. 
11.7 
13.5 
14.6 
11.1 
9.5 
9.6 
11.5 
o. 
12.4 
12.5 
11.0 
10.6 
10.5 
11.7 
10.0 
N. 
D. 
13.6 
8.6 
13.6 
10.3 
8.2 
7.8 
8.G 
8.7 
7.4 
8.4 
8.7 
9.4 
11.2 
8.7 
t 
I 
4 
* 
I 
I 
I 
I 
