ANATOMY OF THE JULIANIACEA. 133 
excepted), although in some cases my statements are limited to a single species. "The 
illustrations are the work of my wife. 
The following description deals successively with the leaf, stem, inflorescence, fruit, 
and embryo. The anatomical diagnosis of the two genera and five species may serve as 
a final summary. 
(1.) THE LEAF. 
The leaves of the Julianiaceæ (Hemsley, pp. 175 & 181) are imparipinnate, alternate, 
and exstipulate ; they form clusters at the tips of the flowering branches, the stem 
for some distance behind its apex being covered completely by the bases of the petioles ; 
the lowest portion of the latter is adnate for a short distance to the stem. Dis- 
articulation of the leaves takes place a little way above the point of attachment of the 
petioles, so that older parts of the stem bear a covering of persistent and often some- 
what woody leaf-bases. In addition to the clusters found at the tips of the flowering 
branches, scattered leaves occur on the barren shoots as well. 
In such a closely related group as is constituted by the members of this Order, the 
anatomical characters of the leaf show considerable uniformity, although there are, 
in most cases, sufficiently pronounced differences to admit of specific distinction. The 
presence of uni- or multicellular hairs, not infrequently forming a dense covering on the 
lower or on both surfaces of the pinnz, and of glandular hairs of varied shape but 
conforming to a general type are two characteristic features in the anatomy of the leaves 
of the Julianiacez ; but equally important are the large resin-canals, which are in- 
variably found in the phloem of the vascular bundles. Other anatomical characters of 
the leaf, in which the different members of the Order agree, are as follows :—the absence 
of a hypoderm and of gelatinisition of the epiderinis ; the lack of subsidiary cells to the 
stomata; the deposition of oxalate of lime solely in the form of clustered crystals ; 
the presence of a single layer of often much elongated palisade-cells beneath the upper 
epidermis; the absence of sclerenchyma accompanying the vascular bundles of the veins. 
The most important points of distinction are found in the structure of the clothing and 
glandular hairs and in the nature of the cuticle. 
(a) The Lamina. 
Before dealing with the details of the anatomical structure of the lamina, it may 
be well to point out that the colour of the dried pinn:e is to some extent characteristic. 
This is particularly so in the case of the specimens of Orthopterygium Huaucui which I 
have seen ; the upper surface is of a dark brown colour, while the lower surface is pale 
brown. In Juliania mollis the abundant hairy covering on the lower side of the pinnæ 
gives them a whitish-green appearance, quite distinct from that of the other species., 
J. glauca, as the specific name indicates, is glaucous on the lower side of the pinne anil 
is further characterised by being practically glabrous. 
The epidermal cells ou the upper side of the leaf are of medium size (about 
19 x 38 p, fig. 1, C, p. 136). In surface-view they are more or less polygonal in outline, 
the lateral margins, though occasionally somewhat bent to and fro, never being markedly 
