ANATOMY OF THE JULIANIACEE. 143 
in shape, being elongated in the vertical direction. Many of the cells are commonly 
filled with numbers of discoid starch-grains, and small clustered crystals occur in minor 
numbers. In three of the five species (exceptions: Juliania adstringens, Orthopterygium 
Huaucui)a considerable number of small resin-canals are found in the pith. 
It still remains to describe the secretory canals occurring in the various parts 
of the stem. The largest are those forming the main ring in the secondary bast; these, 
though evidently schizogenous in the first place, ultimately become lysigenous like the 
large resin-canals in the bast of the petiole. The smaller canals occurring in the 
later-formed portions of the secondary bast and in the primary cortex are, however, 
generally purely schizogenous. The resin-canals of the primary cortex vary very much 
in size, and are usually more or less irregularly arranged. Those of the pith are very 
small, and mostly only consist of the secretory cavity, surrounded by a single layer of 
thin-walled parenchymatous cells (fig. 2, C, p. 188); they are quite irregularly distributed 
in the medullary tissue. 
(iii. THE FEMALE INFLORESCENCE. (See Plate 20.) 
The complieated structure of the female inflorescence (cf. Hemsley, p. 182) can only 
be fully understood by the examination of a series of microtome-sections; these show 
how the system of collaterally-arranged cavities, occurring in the inflorescence and ripe 
fruit, originates. I propose in the following lines to briefly describe such a series of 
sections with the help of the diagrams shown on Plate 20. It should be mentioned 
at the outset that the entire involucre, with its contained flowers or fruits, is generally 
seated obliquely on the winged peduncle, so that transverse sections of the inflorescence 
cut the individual flowers at different levels. 
Fig. A is a diagram of a section which has passed through the upper region of the 
inflorescence. The involucre (7.) is seen as an envelope, which is incomplete on the one 
side—-a result of the general obliquity of the inflorescence referred to above. Within 
the involucre we meet with the styles of three distinct flowers (ov. 1, ov. 2, ov. 4; shaded 
by lining and dotting in this diagram), the style of the fourth flower, which was 
altogether very slightly developed in this inflorescence, not lying within the level of the 
section A. ov.1 and ov.2 are the styles of the two large median flowers of the 
inflorescence, and were the only ones which projected from the top of the involucre ; 
one of the styles (ov. 2) is considerably larger than the other and also projected to a 
much greater extent than ov.1. The third style (ov. 4) belongs to the one smaller lateral 
flower and did not project beyond the apex of the involucre at all. At the level of the 
section A one style (ov. 2) is already beginning to fuse with the involucre on one side. 
If we examine sections from successively lower levels we gradually find ov. 2 also 
fusing with the involucre on the other side, and at the same time ov.1 commences to 
join up with the wall of the involucre; at a slightly deeper level ov. 4 also fuses with 
the investment of the inflorescence. Within the involucre, which is now complete all 
Tound, we then (fig. B) have three cavities lying side by side (s. 1, s. 2, 8. 3), which are 
Separated from one another by masses of tissue (ov.l, ov.2, ov. 4) due to the lateral 
fusion of the three ovaries with the wall of the involucre. At a somewhat deeper level 
