114 DR. F. E. FRITSCH ON THE 
(fig. B) we find cavities beginning to appear in the masses of tissue ov.2 and ov.4; 
these cavities are the ovarial cavities of one median and one lateral flower, and, as will 
be seen by a glance at the diagram, they are almost filled by the contained ovule (dotted). 
Lower down in the series the cavity ov. 2 gradually enlarges (fig. C), whilst ov. 4, which 
belongs to a small lateral flower, commences to disappear again; at the same time 
an ovary begins to appear in or. 1. When ov. 4 is almost on the point of disappearing, 
another ovary appears on the opposite side (ov. 3, see fig. C); this belongs to the other 
small lateral flower, and in the case examined contained no ovule whatsoever. These 
small lateral flowers of the inflorescence, since their style and stigmas remain concealed 
within the involucre, probably stand little chance of being fertilised, and are as good as 
abortive. In fig. D or. 4 has entirely disappeared, while the two median flowers show 
well-developed elongated ovarial cavities with large ovules; ov. 3 disappears in the next 
figure (fig. E), the flower to which it belongs being a very small one (occurs only in 
figs. C & D). Of the two median flowers, the first to appear (ov. 2) is also the first 
to disappear (cf. fig. F); sections taken very low down in the inflorescence show only the 
ovary ov. 1 (fig. G) of all the many cavities occurring in the upper part. Fig. H shows 
the base of the inflorescence (the expanded upper portion of the peduncle), in which no 
trace of the cavities remains. 
It will be noticed that the bases of the individual flowers are completely embedded 
in the tissue of the involucre (fig. F), and that the cavities separating them laterally 
from one another only appear somewhat higher up (fig. E). Another noticeable point 
is the way in which in some of the sections (figs. E, F) the ovules contained in the 
ovaries appear in two halves; this is due to the curious shape of the ovule *. Near one 
end of the ovule many of the sections (figs. C, D, E) show a small mass of cells with 
densely granular contents ; this possibly marks the position of the embryo f. 
The tissue of the involucre at this stage consists of thin-walled parenchymatous cells, 
traversed by numerous resin-canals (7 in the figures), which are rounded in transverse 
section, and most of which possess a single epithelial layer. A few xylem-elements 
(in some cases also a little phloem) generally occur in relation to the secretory canals, 
but there is not much vascular tissue in the inflorescence at this stage. The walls of 
the ovaries of the individual flowers are purely parenchymatous, and prior to or just 
after fertilisation appear to contain neither vascular tissue nor resin-canals, though both 
appear subsequently (cf. below). Scattered about in the involucre are cells with walls 
which are slightly thicker than those of the majority, and recalling the thickened cells 
in the cortex of the stem. The epidermis of the involucre consists of cubical cells and 
bears a considerable number of clothing and glandular hairs, 
(iv.) THe Frurr. (Plate 21.) 
The anatomy of the ripe fruit of the Julianiaceze shows a great degree of complexity ; 
it could only be examined in the genus Juliania, since only quite young fruits of 
Orthopterygium were obtainable. As above explained, the four individual flowers of the 
female inflorescence are, except for the styles of two of them, completely enclosed by 
* Hemsley, pp. 182 et seq. T Hemsley, p. 188 (cf. fig. 22), 
