148 DR. F. E. FRITSCH ON THE 
At the base of each individual ovary the numerous sclerenchyma-bundles traversing 
its walls bend in and become approximately horizontal in their course, thus forming a 
compact sclerenchymatous base in which the four individual fruits are inserted basally, 
These bundles all run in the horizontal plane, but otherwise their direction within that 
plane varies; a longitudinal section consequently cuts some of them longitudinally, 
others transversely, and others again obliquely, so that the appearance is a very compli- 
cated one. 
The main mass of the involucre at this stage consists of a spongy white tissue, which 
is made up of large thin-walled cells of varying shape and having abundant simple pits 
on their walls, the latter often giving rise to a reticulate appearance (Pl. 21. fig. 4). 
These cells, which are mostly rounded or oblong in shape, occasionally contain a solitary 
or clustered erystal; here and there a resin-canal is still to be found more or less 
preserved in the midst of this tissue. Towards the outer limit of the involucre the cells 
become somewhat smaller and have thicker walls, while at the same time they exhibit 
tangential flattening; the outermost layer has a thick dark brown cuticle. A few small 
bundles of sclerenchyma, quite like those occurring in the ovary-walls, lie scattered 
beneath the outermost cell-layers of the involucre. 
The flattened winged pedunele of the entire fruit is made up of the same kind 
of thin-walled cells as the main mass of the involucre; the walls are provided with 
considerable numbers of variously shaped simple pits. Beneath the outer surface of the 
peduncle a number of sclerenchymatcus bundles are situated; the component cells, 
however, have considerably thinner walls than is the case with the sclerenchyma in the 
fruit itself. At the inner limit of these bundles a few vessels generally lie, although I 
have not been able to make out any phloem. The outermost layers of the wing, as in 
the involucre, consist of a few layers of much compressed cells with brown walls. 
The main structural features above described exhibit very little variation. In some 
cases the outer crystal-containing layer in the ovary-wall is suppressed, and the tissue 
on its inner side is only developed to a slight extent, so that the inner crystalline layer 
comes to lie very close to the bundles of sclerenchyma (Pl. 21. fig. 2); this phenomenon 
is found in one and the same species, sometimes even in different parts of the same fruit. 
In some cases it may possibly be only a stage in the development of the mature fruit. 
The outer erystal-containing layer does not always form the absolute outer limit of the 
thick-walled tissue m (in Pl. 21. fig. 1), for a few cells of the latter may also occur on its 
outer side (Pl. 21. fig. 1). Another feature varying within certain limits is to be found 
in the thickness of the walls of the large cells which form groups separating the 
sclerenchyma-bundles from one another laterally. Figs. 1 & 2 on Plate 21, which are 
both from different specimens of the same species, illustrate this variation sufficiently 
well. The same two figures also show that the inner lining of the ovary-wall may 
be formed by one or two layers of cells.—O wing to the rather considerable variations in 
the minor features, it is impossible to base any specific differences on the internal 
structure of the fruit. That of Juliania glauca agrees with the above description in all 
essential respects. 
As above mentioned, only young fruits of Orthopterygium Huaucui were available. 
