MARINE PHANEROGAMS OF THE ‘SEALARK’ EXPEDITION. 183 
4]. TURBINARIA DECURRENS, Bory, Voy. Coquille, Bot. i. (1826-8) p. 119; E. S. Bart. 
Siboga-Expeditie, Mon. Ix. Halimeda, p. 217. 
Seychelles: Praslin, on reefs exposed at dead low tide. 
Geogr. Distr. Red Sea. Indian Ocean. China Sea. 
42, T. MvRRAYANA, E. S. Bart. in Trans. Linn. Soc., 2nd ser. Bot. vol. iii. (1891) p. 218, 
tab. 54. fig. 2; De Toni, Syll. Alg. iii. (1895) p. 127. (Plate 24, figs. 25, 26.) 
Seychelles; Praslin, on reefs exposed at dead low tide. 
Geogr. Distr. Macassar. New Guinea. 
The only specimens of this alga hitherto seen by the authors have consisted solely of 
the cone of so-called “leaves ” and receptacles characteristic of an ordinary Turbinaria 
plant. In the present collection of Mr. Gardiner there is, however, material of 
T. Murrayana which adds considerably to our knowledge of its manner of development 
and growth. The material in question consists of colonies of plants in various stages. 
The mature “leaves” of the typical T. Murrayana are solid (not hollow), winged and 
slightly toothed both along the wings and the margin of the leaf; and being short- 
stalked and closely-set they make a cone-like head, short and compact. At the base of 
the main stem, close above the point of attachment to the substratum, there arise in the 
place of leaves for about 1 em. up the stem a number of cylindrical, much and irre- 
gularly branched, filiform outgrowths often arranged in alternating verticils of three, 
spreading in all directions and varying in length (fig. 23). These are the “ Langtriebe " 
of Engler and Prantl and are figured by Kützing for some of the species in his Tab. 
Phyc. vol. x. tabb. 66-68. If these branched outgrowths are examined it will be seen 
that they are really stolons, which run out in all directions horizontally and that some 
of them sprout at their apices into small plantlets, after becoming attached to a shell or 
other convenient substatum. From the new base arises an upright shoot which puts 
out near the base a few filamentous branches (potential stolons) and above them 
produces 3-5 simplified leaves (fig. 24) quite different from the well-known trigonous 
"leaves" of the coma of the mature plant. They are shortly stalked, flat, cuneate at 
base, lanceolate, longly acuminate, and about 1-2 em. long, sinuato-dentieulate at the 
margin and slightly carinately thickened beneath, and bear cryptostomata; but each 
new leaf is shorter and broader than the last and approximates more and more to the 
typical generic form, till in the centre of a sort of basal rosette of 4-5 of these flat lower 
leaves of gradually decreasing length there is seen a small peltate trigonous leaf of the 
usual type (fig. 24, a,b). The shoot continues to grow, the early acuminate leaves fall off, 
and the ordinary mature plant of T. Murrayana remains as figured (l. c. tab. 54. fig. 2). 
©. T. otxaTA, J. Ag. Sp. i. (1823) p. 266; E. S. Bart. c. p. 219. (Plate 24. fig. 27.) 
Seychelles : Coetivy. Chagos Archipelago: Diego Garcia. On reefs exposed at dead 
OW tide, 
Geogr. Distr. N. & S. Pacific. Indian Ocean. Australia. 
th e manner of propagation described above for T. Murrayana occurs also in some of 
* Specimens of T. ornata brought by Mr. Gardiner from both the Seychelles and the 
