206 MR. A. W. HILL—REVISION OF 
absent, the petals being united to the staminal column only at the base (Pl. 30, 
figs. 8,9); this latter type occurs in only a few species and is usually found to be 
correlated with a definite arrangement of the stamens in an elongated cylindrical 
head. In the following species the corolla-tube is practically absent, N. pichinchensis, 
N. phyllanthos, N. Hartwegit, N. Macleanii, N. condensata, N. flabellata, N. pediculari- 
folia, N. Lorentzii, N. Matthewsii, N. stenopetala, N. epileuca. Both in N. condensata 
and N. flabellata, the stamens are arranged in a globose head, and the free portions of 
the filaments are of some length. In N. Lobbii, N. Jameson, and N. sulphurea, the 
stamens are arranged in a cylindrical head, but in each case there is a short corolla-tube 
present, 2 mm. long in N. Zobbii, 2-2:5 mm. in N. sulphurea, and 3-4 mm. in length 
N. Jamesonii. The colour of the corolla is usually violet or pinkish lilac, sometimes 
becoming pale blue or white; occasionally it is a deep crimson as in N. flabellata, 
N. epileuca or N. stenopetala, or a deep blue as in N. condensata. N. coccinea appears 
to be unique in having a scarlet corolla, whilst in W. Lobbii it is orange in the dry state. 
The corolla may be large and conspicuous in comparison with the size of the plant, 
especially in NV. pichinchensis and N. Macleanii, where it attains a length of 3 cm. 
The effect of a large number of these plants in flower is very striking. This was well 
seen in the case of N. turritella {text-fig., p. 202), which grows in masses on the slopes 
of El Misti in Peru at an elevation of about 14,000 feet *. 
The Stamens.—The stamens show the ordinary Malvaceous arrangement in a column, 
but two types are met with. In some species, particularly those from Ecuador, the 
anthers form a more or less elongated cylindrical head, and this is correlated almost 
invariably with the absence of a corolla tube (Pl. 30. fig. 9). In the majority of species, 
however, the anthers are arranged in a globose head (Pl. 30. fig. 6). The anthers may 
be yellow or purple. The free portions of the filaments are very short in some species 
and long in others. 
A point of interest was noticed in connection with the two smallest perennial species 
N. Azorella and N. congesta, collected in the province of Sandia (Peru) by Weberbauer, 
since the flowers appear to be monccious. The stamens, which are very few in number, 
in both species slightly exceed the corolla in length, and neither styles nor carpels were 
found in any of the flowers examined. It is impossible, however, from the material 
available to say whether the condition of these plants is normal or whether it may be 
due to their being the early flowers of the season (Pl. 28. fig. 15). 
The Fruits—The styles, usually 8-14 in number, are like those of the genus 
Malvastrum, A. Gray, in being capped with papillate stigmas. 
The fruits are found to be of considerable systematic value, and it is unfortunate that 
ripe fruits of many of the species are not yet known. 
Each carpel is more or less prolonged into a beak, and when ripe the carpel splits 
nearly to its base into two halves. 'The beak remains practically undeveloped in the 
annual species, and in some other cases it is very small, but it may attain a length of 
as much as 5 mm. (cf. Pl. 30. figs. 11-31). 
The dorsal surface of the carpel including the beak is covered with hairs; in some 
* Cf. Jameson's remarks about N. pichinchensis, p. 211. 
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