320 MR. A. S. HORNE ON THE STRUCTURE AND 
biseriate rows are inserted axially and the upper on free placentz. In Lonicera 
Caprifolium a number of ovules may abort and there is often but one seed, which 
occupies eventually the single chamber enclosed by the uniformly expanding ovary wall, 
In Symphoricarpus the lower portion of the ovary is four-chambered, the lateral loculi 
containing each a single ovule axially attached towards the upper end of the ovary and 
tangentially situated—raphe abaxial and lateral. Immediately inferior and at right 
angles to these ovules, two more are situated, also axially borne. These are the lower- 
most ovules of the “anterior and posterior” loculi, and they are directed towards the 
floor of the chamber, where their position is, in some cases at least, radial—raphe abaxial. 
Above the insertion of these ovules the ovary is two-chambered, the chambers being the 
superior portions of the multiovular loculi. The ovules are here borne biseriately on 
free placentz. In Viburnum Lantana two chambers are rudimentary and contain 
biseriate rudimentary ovules, the third is uniovular. In Sambucus there is a single 
ovule suspended axially and in the superior portion the merest rudiments of ovules 
in each chamber. There is no doubt, therefore, that the ovaries of ancestral forms of 
both Viburnum and Sambucus were pluriovular with ovules arranged in series as in 
Leycesteria. In the chambers of Symphoricarpus which contain a single seed the 
vascular connection of the ovule is similar to that of a pair of ovules when they are 
arranged in biseriate rows—4. e., two strands join in the raphe to make the single main 
ovular bundle. A similar condition obtains in Sambucus and Davidia. The chambers of 
the ovaries of certain Araliacean genera contain each a fertile and a rudimentary ovule; 
these are suspended from the upper part of the ovary and receive each a single vascular 
bundle. If, therefore, the ancestral forms of Davidia and Aralia possessed pluri- 
ovular ovaries, the ovaries of both genera would appear to have evolved along different 
lines from that condition. 
With regard to the Nyssas, Baillon * states that the male flowers possess an equal 
(double, triple, or quadruple) number of stamens, arranged in verticels, while in the 
hermaphrodite flower the andrcecium is the same. Sargent t states that the stamens 
in the male flower are five or indefinite, and in the pistillate flowers five to ten or 
wanting. The arrangement in series is by no means regular. The flower of Nyssa 
differs chiefly from that of Davidia in that the ovary is reduced to a single uniovular 
chamber, is surmounted by a disc, and possesses free styles. The flowers of Alangium 
vary from tetracyclic to heptacyclic according to the number of whorls, which are 
tetramerous to decamerous (with the exception of the one-, two-, or three-chambered 
ovary), the style is almost entire or divided into a number of small lobes. Davidia 
differs from Alangium in possessing apetalous, polygamous flowers, while an epigynous 
dise is absent from the ovary. 
The ovules of the Araliacez lie radially in the loculus, the raphe being adjacent t0 
the placenta—the typical ventral ovule of a number of authors: those of the true Cornels 
have long been characterized as possessing dorsal raphes. Attempts to sort out ovules 
o 
o 
* Baillon, Hist. Pl. vi. p. 267. 
T Sargent, Silva N. America, v. p. 73. 
