394 DR. E. A. NEWELL ARBER ON PSYGMOPHYLLUM FROM 
assemblage of plants of Devonian, Carboniferous, and possibly of Permian age. The 
Newfoundland specimens appear to agree best with Psygmophyllum Browni (Dawson), 
see p. 398, from the ? Upper Devonian of Perry, Maine, U.S.A. Unfortunately, none of 
the leaves are attached. The basal portion above described suggests that the leaves may 
have sheathed the axis at the base, as is the case in P. flabellatum (L. & H.), the next 
species to be discussed. However, whether this was the case or not must remain in 
doubt for the present. In shape and size the leaf is specifically distinct from those of 
the two species above mentioned, though the type of nervation is the same in both. 
The discussion of the affinities of the genus may be more conveniently postponed until a 
later stage (p. 403). 
3. PSYGMOPHYLLUM FLABELLATUM (Lindley & Hutton). 
(Pl. 42. figs. 2, 8; Pl. 43. fig. 7; Pl. 44. figs. 8, 10, & 11.) 
1831 or 1832. Neggerathia flabellata, Lindley & Hutton, Fossil Flora, vol. i. p. 89, pls. 28, 29. 
1849. Neggerathia flabellata, Brongniart, Tableau Végét. foss. (Diction. Univer. Hist. Nat.) 
p. 65. 
1870-72. Psygmophyllum flabellatum, Schimper, Traité Paléont. végét, vol. ii. p. 193. 
1881. Ginkgophyllum flabellatum, Renault, Cours Bot. foss. vol. i. p. 65, pl. 7. fig. 5. 
-Diagnosis.—Leaves of medium size, up to 15 cm. or more in length, and to 11 em. 
across at their greatest width, euneate or subflabellate, spirally arranged on an axis, with 
long decurrent, fairly broad, sheathing bases. Margins slightly curved or nearly straight. 
Apex truncated, or Pslightly rounded, entire or ? fimbriated. Leaves undivided or 
? more or less deeply cleft or split, or broadly lobed at apex. Nerves fine, numerous, 
flabellately arranged, with frequent dichotomy. 
Type-specimens.—The types appear to be lost. As Lebour* has pointed out, they are 
not in the Hancock Museum, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 
Description of the specimens.—So far as I am aware, the only specimens of this plant 
in this country are two or more in the Hancock Museum, Newcastle-on-Tyne, six in the 
Publie Museum, Sunderland, and two in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I am 
indebted to the Councils of the two Institutions first mentioned for the loan of specimens 
for deseription. "Those in the Sunderland Museum and the British Museum are the best 
preserved. 
A re-examination of these specimens has led me to important conclusions with regard 
to the habit of this plant, which differ from those expressed by Lindley and Hutton in 
their “Fossil Flora,’ and by Schimper when establishing the genus. The former authors 
figure a detached leaf, and also another specimen which they regarded as a “ portion of 
a compound leaf " consisting “ of six or seven, or perhaps more, pairs of leaflets. The most 
perfect, pinnæ are cuneate, taper very much to the base, have a dilated, undulated, 
slightly lobed, crenated extremity, and appear to have been flabelliform; others are 
narrower, and look like split portions of large pinnz, which perhaps they are” f. They 
concluded that the frond belonged to a palm and not a fern, ** from the veins not being 
* Lebour (778), p. 102. t Lindley & Hutton (731), pp. 89-90. 
