THE LOWER CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 405 
Sap., Dicranophyllum, Grand’ Eury, Trichopitys, Sap., Lhipidopsis, Schmalh., and perhaps 
Neggerathia foliosa, Sternb. These genera begin to appear in Westphalian times 
(Neggerathia), but none of them are so ancient as Psygmophyllum. They increase in 
number and variety as we pass up through the Stephanian into the Permian. In the 
case of Dicranophyllum, Trichopitys, and Neggerathia foliosa, something is known of 
their fructifications in the form of impressions. I do not propose to discuss these here. 
They will be found described in most of the text-books, and I have nothing to add 
beyond the conclusion that they do not appear to me to agree with those of any known 
mesophytic or neophytic group. 
I regard these genera as belonging to a distinct group of Paleozoic plants, for which 
I propose the name Paleophyllales*. It is for the future to prove or disprove the 
conception that this group may have been the ancestors of the Ginkgoales. At present 
it seems a possibility, but one which is founded on nothing more than a certain corre- 
spondence, by no means close, as regards the leaf form. Until we have definite evidence 
of the fructifications of these plants, it seems to me better to refer to them under the 
perfectly non-committal name of Paleophyllales, than to use any such term as Proto- 
ginkgoales, which implies a relationship, of which there is all too little evidence at the 
present time. 
Whatever may have been the affinities of the Palæophyllales, there is no doubt that, 
like the Primofilices, Coniferales, and Cyeadophyta, they were not a dominant, but a 
subsidiary element in the flora of the Upper Paleozoic period. They represent either 
the first incomings of a new race, or, as appears less likely, the last lingering stage of 
an ancient group. The fact that the genera appear to become more abundant in the 
Stephanian and Permian favours the former conclusion; and the group, although 
subsidiary in variety and abundance to many others, may have been none the less 
successful, and may have given rise to some Mesophytic race, perhaps the Ginkgoales, 
which played a still more important réle in a later flora. 
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
Axper, E. A. N. (10).—A Note on some Fossil Plants from Newfoundland. Proc. Cambr. Phil. Soc. 
| vol. xv. pt. v. p. 390, 1910. VAS 
Bronentarr, A. (45).—In Murchison, R. I., Verneuil, É. de, and Keyserling, A. de, 
Russie d’Europe,’ etc., vol. ii. Paléont. p. 5, 1845. i 
CauBrER, R., and Renter, A. (10).—Psygmophyllum Delvali, 
Ann. Soc. Géol. Belgique, vol. ii. Mém. (4°) p. ici 1910. wii 
CanPENTIER, A. ?11).—Sur quelques fructifications et inflorescences du Westp 
France. Rev. Génér. Bot. vol. xxiii. p. 1, 1911. d 
Dawson, J. W. (’62).—On the Flora of the Devonian Period in North-eastern 
Geol. Soe. vol. xviii. p. 296, 1862. 
— (’71).—The Fossil Plants of the Devonian and Upper 
Canada, 1871. 
Erenwarp, E. (60).—Lethza Rossica, ou Paléontologie de la Russie. 
Ores ames a SS 
‘Géologie de la 
n. sp., du Terrain houiller de Charleroi. 
halien du Nord de la 
America. Quart, Journ. 
Silurian Formations of Canada. Geol. Surv. 
Stuttgart. Vol i. 1860. 
` * , PM P I 
* raars z ancient; ¢u\dAov—=a lea 
