SEDGWICK AND WINSLOW. — BACILLUS OF TYPHOID FEVER. 53^ 
The universality of the relation, Its recurrence In all possible, remotely situated region? 
indicate that it is dependent not upon local, but upon general conditions, possibh 
such as are responsible for the power of multiplication and the vital activity of the 
typhoid germ itself. Although much is known with re^^ard to the details in this con- 
nection, an insight into the solution of general questions is wanting, particulailj the 
relation of the poison to important cosmic conditions. It is, therefore, better for the 
present to leave a glaring deficiency rather than to bridge it over with unstable 
theories." 
II. STATISTICAL STUDIES BY THE AUTHORS ON SEASONAL VAPJATTOXS 
m TEMPERATUEE AND ON THE PKEVALENCE OF TVriTOIl) 
EEVER IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES. 
It appears, then, from a review of the literature that, although most ohHcrrpr? 
have' noted a characteristic seasonal distribution of typhoid fever, others, including 
some of those who have written most recently, have denied the existence of snrh 
regular variations. Of those who realized that the variations did exist, a few sought 
an explanation in the factor of temperature. Their views did not, however, gain 
acceptance, as the evidence furnished was insufficient; and the common view, among 
medical men and sanitarians, has been that the fall maximum of typhoid fever wa? an 
unexplained phenomenon. 
The bacteriological work on the effect of low teuiperatures upon the bacillus' of 
typhoid fever, reported in the first section of this paper, lent force to the idea that 
the temperature really might in itself exercise a direct effect upon the aetiology of 
this disease. We therefore determined to see whether the relation .shown by Mur- 
chison, Liebermeister, and Davidson for a few places could be demonstratnl by a more 
exact examination of statistics collected from a wider field. 
We have, accordingly, brought together statistics of the monthly variations in tcm- 
perature and in the p"re valence of typhoid fever for thirty commuuitIe«, as followi,: 
The States of New York and Massachusetts, the District of Columbia, and the cnen 
of Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Denver Mulnle, 
Newark, New Orleans, New York, Oakland, Philadelphia, St. Paul, and . .n ^nan. 
in the United States; the city of Montreal in Canada ; the cities of H.rhn Dresden 
Leipsic, London, Munich, Paris, and Vienna in Europe; the Empire ^^^^^" 
the British Army in India, in Asia; and the cities of Buor.os Ayre. nnd ^ntijj^ 
Chile in South America. Four continents and both hemispheres are thu. n-pre^nM, 
and a very wide rano-e of climate. (See pp. 640-566.) 
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