130 Scientific lotetiomage Fe 
cum consisting of limestones, sandstones, common clays, and shales, 
0 fashons tin: _ (Banca) the eee stratified roeks are clays 
ones. In many cases plutonic action has indu rated the 
and sandstone t strata, converting sand us 
rocks and clays, and conglomerates into schist and other hard erystal- 
line forms. In Malacca are several thermal springs. ‘This fact, com- 
npg with some — of recent parmeabes leads to the pexynian aa 
= xim si to Sumatra countenance 
Metals.—The tendency to the pe of metalliferous ores at and 
near the junction of —— and sedimentary rocks, which has been 
observed in many countries, might have led us to anticipate. a large 
share of metallic riches for the pen visa In reality, it probably abounds 
in some ores far beyond conceptio 
Iron ores are every: where fond, and in the south they exist in vast 
profusion. In some places the strata have been completely saturated 
with iron ; and here the bare surface of the ground, strewed with black- 
ish scoriform gravel and blocks, presents a strange contrast to the exu- es 
berant vegetation of surrounding tracts, appearing as if it had been 
burned and blasted by it ae fires. glue of the ordinary forms 
of ironmasked rocks, which are so common, and so little regarded for 
their metallic contents, that in Singapore thee are used to macadamize 
e roads, contain often nearly 60 per cent. of 
The whole length and breadth of the 2 abana there can be little 
doubt, abounds in tin ore. The pri we might almost say unity, 
of its plutonic character, warrants the. inference that ores, found plenti- 
Junk- k-Geyin and Banca, "m sand is diffused in such quantity that its 
the usual Chinese mode of excavating, washing, and smelting, the pro- 
duction has increased from 25 _ piculs, in 1812, when it was a Brit- 
possession, to 60, 000 picu 
s 
ete and scatter the little commis of needy Chinese in whose 
hands it has remained, the wonder i at so much metal should find its 
hous 11,000 gers The present — of the whole ——_ in- 
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