2. From the ees pth of seventy meters (about 76} yards), 
temperature is sometil creasing and sometimes decreasing. ~ j 
3. Below seventy meters to the bottom, it is always decreasing... 
3 ‘The. decrease kien the surface and-the bottom is not a uni: 
but on accelerating with the depth. 
5. Between the surface and —_ meters in depih, the temperature : 
aever below-zero (freezing point 
6. Below sev wom de meters, the temperature of the bed ocrering ae 
bottom i is below ze. 
_ ‘% The mean isuipeinnels GEthie bed ix +4°s0h Cent., and conse- 
quently it is above that of the maximum — and freezing point of 
salt-water. 
_ 8. These facts are cont — if. a consider. that saneapasieelies 
density and the point of congelation of sea-water are several degrees | 
below zero, and if also-we regard the complex, intermittent and varia- 
ble intensity, caused by the solidification of the surface during winter, 
Peer betes: floating i ice, ass tides and currents. . otggesbee 
results, M. continues, are fertile in applications to the 
physics of the-globe.. We | learn from the fact of the temperature im- 
creasing in April and May,. that in winter the surface cools more than 
the bottom, and that consequently the formation.of etry ice, common 
in-fresh-water lakes, is here impossible. Scoresby and Ross ascertain- : 
ed by direct trials that wh ground ice exists, peer brought up liv- ' 
animals in many instances. 
As the temperature “of the sania of the se in Jy men : 
“near the glaciers, is above zero (Carta is pe Se 
constant destruction and the formatio 
ing slowly from the land into the aden 4. gc rtm | 
hing the water, and are borne on its surface. At low tide, as 
ters retreat, the interval between high andlow-water is welleseem in the 
glacier; at the same wi it becomes broken, or oyerturned, and thus . 
floating ice is produced. The largest glaciers were seventy-six meters 
—— ny 
tn bat’ a. on the cobeealet the, glactons aivindh into-the- sea 
‘melted. John Ross has described and figured a glacier, 
to the van of Cape Dudley Digges, whieh advanced mi? meters 
(5906 feet) beyond the shore. The ne ice, conseque is 
higher than the mast of a ship, and the masses:are well alle icbors, 
or mountains of ice. As the part above cane is about one- “eighth 
1e hickness, these bergs have been described as 72, 118, an 
even 180 meters in depth, ? 
. —o the floating ice isa aamereene: therefore of : the thee 
rauch dination basse ee 
oe eed 
