On the Indian Archipelago. 167 
Chinese, Arab, or Kling navigator who visits their shores, or 
send them in their own vessels to the markets of Singapore, Ba- 
tavia, Samarang, Manilla, and Macassar. In these are gathered 
all the products of the Archipelago, whether such as the native 
inhabitants procure by their unassisted industry, or such as de- 
mand the skill and capital of the European or Chinese for their 
cultivation or manufacture; and amongst the latter, nutmegs, 
cloves, sugar, indigo, sago, gambier, tea, and the partially cultiva- 
ted cinnamon and cotton. ‘To these busy marts, the vessels of 
the first maritime people of the Archipelago, the Bugis, and those 
of many Malayan communities, bring the produce of their own 
countries, and that which they have collected from neighboring 
ands, or from the wild tribes, to furnish cargoes for the ships of 
Europe, America, Arabia, India, Siam, China, and Australia. ‘To 
the bazaar of the Eastern Seas, commerce brings representatives 
of every industrious nation of the Archipelago, and of every mar- 
itime people in the civilized world. 
Although, therefore, cultivation has made comparatively little 
impression on the vast natural, vegetation, and the inhabitants are 
devoid of that unremitting laboriousness which distinguishes the 
Chinese and European, the Archipelago, in its industrial aspect, 
presents an animated and varied scene. ‘The industry of man, 
when civilization or over-poptiation has not destroyed the natu- 
ral balance of life, must ever be the complement of the bounty 
of nature. The inhabitant of the Archipelago is as energetic 
and laborious as nature requires him to be; and he does not con- 
vert the world into a workshop, as the Chinese and the Kling im- 
migrants do, because his world is not like theirs, darkened with 
the pressure of crowded population and over-competition, nor 1s 
his desire to accumulate wealth excited and goaded by the con- 
trast of splendour and luxury on the one hand and penury on the 
other, by the pride and assumptions of wealth and station, and 
the humiliations of poverty and dependence. 
While in the volcanic soils of Java, Menangkabat and Celebes, 
of Borneo and Johore, from the numerous islands between Sing- 
apore and Banka, and from other parts of the Archipelago, pirat- 
= 
