FOWKE] 



CELTS HAFTING. 



73 



(3) The top of the celt was set in a socket of deer horn, wliich was 

 put iuto a handle as in form 2; 



(■i) Small celt-shaped knives or scrapers were set iuto the end of a 

 piece of antler long enough to be used as a handle ; 



(5) A forked branch was so cut as to make two prongs of nearly 

 equal length, and the celt was fastened to the end of one, parallel with 

 it, the other being used to guide and steady it, a prong being held in 

 each hand; 



(6) The fork of a root or branch was trimmed so as to make a flat face 

 at any desired angle, to which the celt was lashed, a shoulder, against 



which the end of the celt was set, being sometimes cut in the wood; 



(7) A stick was split its entire length and a single turn taken around 

 the celt, the ends being brought together and tied, forming a round 

 handle; 



(8) A stick was split part way, one fork cut off and the other wrapped 

 once or twice and tied, thus forming a round handle of solid wood. 



Fig. 47.— Celt, showins lihulo tliick 

 near edi;e. 



I'wiuy; blade thick near 

 eilse. 



Forms 5 and 6 were used as adzes; forms 7 and 8 are the same 

 methods as employed in hafting grooved axes. 



A mounting similar to form 4 is seen in some Alaska specimens of 

 celt-scrapers iu which the imi)lemeut is fastened to a piece of wood so 

 as to project a short distance, and used like a plane. In all these, the 

 celt is very firmly fastened to tlie handle with sinew or rawhide, which, 

 when put on green, contracts with great force and binds like wire. 



As to the forms of celts, no division is practicable based on anything 

 but their entire appearance. The following descriptions and tabulations 

 represent the material of this kind in the Bureau collection: 



A. Round or nearly round section, pointed or flattened at the top, 

 blade rapidly thickening from the edge; a few are polished at the top, 

 but most of them show marks of a maul or hammer ; all have been highly 

 polished; all of this class were probably used as wedges, as their 

 shape renders them more fit for this purpose than for any other; the 



