126 STONE ART. (eth.ann.IS 



in figure 152, is of granite, from Vernon county, Wisconsin, and the 

 collection embraces another specimen, of sandstone, from Kanawha 

 valley. West Virginia. 



According to Gillman, bird shape stones were worn on the head by 

 the Indian women, but oidy after marriage.' Abbott'' quotes Col. 

 Charles Whittlesey to the effect that they were worn by Indian women 

 to denote pregnancy, and from William Penn that when squaws were 

 ready to marry they wore something on their heads to indicate the fact. 



Fig. 152.— Bird-shape stone. 



Jones' quotes from De Bry that the conjurers among the Virginia 

 Indians wore a small, black bird above one of their ears as a badge of 

 their office. 



Shaft Rubbers. 



The shaft of an arrow is straightened by wetting and immersing it in 

 hot sand and ashes, and bringing nito shape by the hand and eye. To 

 reduce the short crooks and knobs it is drawn between rwo rough grit 

 stones, each of which has a slight groove in it; coarse sand is also used 

 to increase the friction. ^ 



Again, a rock has a groove cut into it as wide as the shaft and two or 

 three times as deep. Into this the crooked part of the shaft is forced, 

 and by heating or steaming becomes flexible and can be easily made 

 straight, which shape it will retain when dry.^ 



A somewhat different device for the same purpose appears in the 

 Bureau collection. It is illustrated in figare 153 (of fine sandstone) ; 

 there was another part to correspond with that shown. The specimen 

 is from Monougahela, Pennsylvania. 



TUBKS. 



As the use of stone tubes by the Indians has given rise to consider- 

 able discussion, the following references to the various ways in which 

 they have been employed may help to settle it. 



' Gillman, H. ; in Smithsonian Eeport for 1873, p. 371. 



* Primitive Industry, p. '■i^l. 



^ Antiq. of the Southern Indians, p. 30. 



* Schoolcraft: Indian Trihes, vol. I, p. 212. 



' Schumacher, Paul, Hayden Surv., Bull. 3, 1877, p. 548. 



