136 



STONE ART. 



[ETH. ANN. 13 



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Fig. 171.— Chipped spade, ovoid. 



£. Semicircular outline, with sides notched for set^uring the handle, as 

 in arrowpoints and spearheads. Kepresented by hgure 173, showing a 

 specimen of gray flint from a mound in Mississippi county, Arkansas. 

 There are four additional specimens, all from Union county, Illinois. 



F. A related form, also notched for attachment of handle. Figure 174 

 represents an example of yellow flint, from Poinsett county, Arkansas, 

 the only one of this shape in the collection. 



From Jaclvson county, Illinois, there is a series beginning with a 

 small scraper and a small scraper-like celt, and passing gradually into 

 the large spades or digging-tools, there being a number of intermedi- 



f\ ate forms and sizes. Two specimens, 

 only C inches long, have the glazed 

 surface so characteristic of these 

 implements, which could have been 

 produced only by long-continued use 

 in digging. 



From a workshop at Mill creek, 

 Union county, Illinois, there are a 

 large number of pieces in every stage 

 of work. Among them can be made 

 series of all the difierent types here 

 given, from the nodule in its natural 

 state to the completed implement. 

 ]Siear by is a flmt deposit .showing 

 extensive aboriginal (juarrying. 



l)aw.sou,' in speaking of these 

 implements, .says: "The rudest of 

 all rude implements, similar to the 

 paleoliths of Europe, were used by 

 the more settled and civilized agri- 

 cultural nations." While the major- 

 ity of them are rude, simply becau.se 

 there was no necessity for elabor- 

 ate work or fine finish in tools of this 

 class, yet there are many specimens 

 (as, for example, the one shown in 

 figure 171) wliich in symmetry and workmanship will compare f^ivorably 

 with the larger specimens of other types, due regard being had to the 

 fact that the coarse flint of which they are usually made does not admit 

 of the most delicate execution. 



TURTLEBACKS. 



The singular name " turtleback" is suggested instantly on seeing a 

 specimen of the class so designated by Abbott and others. As com- 

 monly used, it refers to rude or unfinished leaf-shape implements of 

 any size, which may be found in great abundance almost anywhere. 



1 Fossil Men., p. 119. 



