164 



STONK ART. 



[ETIl. ANN. 13 



iu roughly ou the edges. They were probably knives or spears, or in 

 some cases celts or chisels, though none show polish. With these are 

 placed a few that seem to be the points of larger rough implements, 

 broken and having notches worked iu the fragments. A typical form, 

 shown iu figure 244, is from Mississippi county, Arkansas. It occurs 

 also in northeastern Arkansas; Scioto valley, Ohio; western Ten- 

 nessee; southwestern Illinois; and Kanawha valley, West Virginia. 



Pkrfokators. 



CHARACTER AND USES. 



The implements variously classed by different writers as awls, drills, 

 needles, rimmers or reamers, and the like, seem to represent a graded 

 series, and as no distinction can be made in the different kiuds, if, 

 indeed, there is any room for distinction, they are grouped under one 

 term, " perforators." 



Very few of the specimens could be used as drills, as most of them 

 are too thiu ; only those with a rhomboidal or triangular 

 section would seem adapted to this purpose, and the 

 majority even of these seem too fragile. It is more 

 probable that drilling was done with a stick or horn 

 with sand as a cutting medium, except in the thin tab- 

 lets of slate or similar stone and in shells. The thicker 

 flints would answer very well for this purpose, and the 

 countersunk holes appear to indicate such an instru- 

 ment. For sewing, bone would be more easily worked, 

 and better suited than flint. The double-pointed 

 slender specimens may have been used for bait-holders 

 in fishing; bone implements of a similar shape, with a 

 hole drilled at the middle for attaching a line, have 

 been seen in use among the Indians of Florida. 



Some such implement was no doubt used ih the man- 

 ner of a burin, esi^ecially iu making the fine lines on 

 the ornamented shells or stones; certain flints in the 

 collection may have served such a purpose. 



Lubbock cousiders it proved that the stone of which 

 Fig. 244. — Stemmed omamcuts, carved axes, etc., are made could be worked 

 chipped flint, very^j^j^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^j^^^ ^j^^ e^gl.aving qu the Scotch rocks, 



even on granite, was executed with this material;' and Bushmen are 

 known to use triangular pieces of flint for cutting figures in rocks.^ 

 Evans' observes that there are five ways of making holes in stone, viz : 

 (1) Chiseling or picking, with "picks," "celts," or "drills" of flint or 

 other stone; (2) boring with a solid borer, as wood, hard or soft, or 

 horn with sand and water; (3) grinding with a tubulai" grinder, as 

 horn, cane, elder, etc., with sand and water; (4) drilling with a stone 



1 Prehistoric Times, p. 122. 



^Holiili. E., in Jour. Anth. Inst. Gt. Br. and Ird.. vol. x, p. 460. 



^Stuue Implements, p. 48. 



