MiNDELEFF] SINGLE-ROOM REMAINS. 217 



shows the general character of the site, which seems to have been a 

 favorite type for temporary structures, single-room outloolvS, etc. 

 Among the fragments of pottery picked uj) here were pieces of polished 

 red ware of tlie southern type, and part of the bottom of a large pot 

 of so-called corrugated ware. 



Half a mile northwestward, in a saddle similar to that last described, 

 and east of the crown of a hill, are the remains of a single room, nearly 

 square and perhaps 10 feet long. These single rooms and small cluster 

 remains are unusual in this region, and seem to replace the bowlder- 

 marked ruins so common south of the East Verde (to be described more 

 fully later). Although the walls of this single-room structure were 

 built of river bowlders, they are well marked by d<^bris and are of the 

 same type as those in the ruins at the mouths of the East Verde and 

 Fossil creek. 



CAVATE LODGES. 



Oavate lodges comprise a type of structures closely related to cliff 

 houses and cave dwellings. The term, is a comparatively new one, and 

 the structures themselves are not widely known. They differ from the 

 cliff houses and cave dwellings principally in the fact that the rooms 

 are hoHowed out of cliffs and hills by human agency, being cut out of 

 soft rock, while the former habitations are simple, ordinary structures 

 built for various reasons within a cove or on a bench in the cliffs or 

 within a cave. The difference is principally if not wholly the result of 

 a different physical environment, i. e., cavate lodges and cave dwellings 

 are only different phases of the same thing; but for the present at least 

 the name will be used and the cavate lodges will be treated as a sep- 

 arate class. 



There are but three regions in the United States in which cavate 

 lodges are known to occur in considerable numbers, viz, on San Juan 

 river, near its mouth ; on the western side of the Eio Grande near the 

 jiueblo of Santa Clara; and on the eastern slope of San Francisco 

 mountain, near Flagstaff", Arizona. To these may now be added the 

 middle Verde region, from the East Verde to a point north of Verde, 

 Arizona. 



Within the middle Verde region there are thousands of cavate 

 lodges, sometimes in clusters of two or three, oftener in small groups, 

 and sometimes in large groups comprising several hundred rooms. 

 One of the.se large grou^js, located some 8 miles south of Verde on the 

 eastern side of the river, has been selected for illustration. 



The bottom lands of the Kio Verde in the vicinity of Verde have 

 been already described, and the cavate lodges in question occur just 

 below the southern end of this large area of tillable land, and some of 

 them overlook it. The river at this point flows southward, and 

 extending toward the east are two little canyons which meet on its 

 bank. North and south of the mouth of the canyons the bank of the 



