256 ABORIGINAL REMAINS IN VERDE VALLEY. [etiiann. 13 



no doubt, however, that the cavate lodge doorways represent an earlier 

 type in development, if not in time, than the notched doorways of 

 Tusayan. 



CHIMNEYS AND FIREPLACES. 



Nowhere in the viHage ruins or in the cavate lodges of the lower 

 Verde were any traces of chimneys or other artificial smoke exits found. 

 The village ruins are too much broken down to permit definite state- 

 ment of the means employed for smoke exits, but had the inhabitants 

 employed such exits as are in use in the pueblos today some evidence 

 of them would remain. Probably there was no other exit than the door, 

 and perhaps trapdoors or small openings in the roofs, such as were 

 formerly employed in the inhabited pueblos, according to their tradi- 

 tions. In the cavate lodges no exit other than the door was possible, 

 and many of them are found with their walls much blackened by smoke. 



The fireplaces or fire holes of the cavate lodges have already been 

 alluded to, and one of the best examples found is illustrated in plate 

 XXXII, and the location of a number of others is shown on the gen- 

 eral plan. These fireplaces are located not in the center of the cham- 

 ber, but near the principal doorway, and doubtless the object of this 

 location was to facilitate the escape of the smoke. Fire holes were 

 never located in interior rooms. The fireplace illustrated in plate xxxii 

 has been already described (p. 227); it was excavated in the solid rock 

 of the floor and was lined with fragments of pottery laid in mud mortar 

 as closely as their shape would permit. A part of this pottery lining 

 can be seen in the illustration. When the room was cleared out the 

 fire hole was found to be about half full of fine ashes. 



