DORSEY] FIRE-DRILLS. 279 



several miles from the mouth of Pouka creek nnd nearly oi)posite the 

 mouth of Choteau creek, South Dakota. 



Implejiknts Connected with Fire. 



In former ages, the (pegiha made fire by rubbing or turning a stick 

 round and round between the hands. On the present Omaha reserva- 

 tion, and in that region, the Omaha use elm roots for that purpose, lu 

 the country called jizabahehe, near the source of Elkhorn river, there 

 is a grass known as "duiiduAhi," which has about a hundred fine 

 shoots from each root, which is half the size of the head. The stalk was 

 used for hand drills and fire sticks. One stalk was cut almost flat, and 

 the man ])uts his feet on the ends to steady them. Then, holding the 

 other stick in hi.s hands, with one end touching the stalk on the ground, 

 he turned it round and round till the friction produced fire. Some- 

 times a small quantity of dry sand was placed on the flat stick. The 

 same flat stick answered for several occasions. When the cavity made 

 by turning the hand drill became too large, the point of contact was 

 shifted to another part of the flat stick, and so on until the whole of that 

 stick was used, when it was thrown away and another was obtained. 

 Duiiduahi, according to Mr. Francis La Flesche, may be found in Judi- 

 ciary square, Washington, District of Columbia. After the coming of 

 the white man, but before the introduction of friction matches, which 

 are now used by the whole tribe, the Omaha used flints and tinder for 

 making fire. 



Spits for roasting, etc., naqpe, or webasna", were made of any kind 

 of wood. 



For tongs they used the dedi(fiafisaude ("fire-holder"), made by slit- 

 ting one end of a stick. This implement was also called, ja° jiiiga nini 

 ibista("the stick that presses the fire against the tobacco") , because 

 it was used for lighting pipes. 



Smoking Paraphernalia. 



The pipes in use among the Omaha are of three kinds: the sacred 

 pipe (niniba wa(pibe, mysterious pipe), including the war pipes and 

 those used by the chiefs in making peace; the niniba weawa" or 



P'lo. 315- — Omalia calumet 



calumet (illustrated in figure 315), used in the calumet dance or dance 

 of adoption,' and the hatchet pipe or ma"zepe niniba, introduced since 

 the coming of the white man. One form of the pipe used on ordinary 



'See "Omaha Sociology," Tbirrt Ann. Rept. Bnr. Ethnolugy, cbap. vi. 



