MiNuELEFFi LATER HISTORY OP CASA GRANDE. 297 



rouuding wall inclosing a comparatively large area; and nearly all the 

 writers who published accounts prior to our conquest of the country iu 

 1846 based their descriptions on Font's journal and erroneously applied 

 his measurement of the supposed circumscribing wall to the CasaGrande 

 proper. 



The conquest of the country by the "Army of the West" attracted 

 attention anew to the ruin, through the descriptions of Colonel Emory 

 and Captain Johnston. The expedition jiassed up the Gila valley, and 

 Colonel Emory, in his journal, gives a fanciful illustratioTi and a slight 

 description. The journal of Captain Johnston contained a somewhat 

 better description and a rough but fairly good sketch. The best descrip- 

 tion of that period, however, was that given by John Russell Bartlett, 

 in his "Personal Narrative," published iu 1854. 



Bartlett observed that the ruin consists of three buildings, "all 

 included within an area of 150 yards." He described these buildings 

 and gave ground plans of two of them and elevations of the principal 

 structure. He also gave a translation of a portion of Font's journal, 

 as well as the previous description of Mange. He surmised that the 

 central room of the main building, and perhaps the whole structure, 

 was used for the storage of corn. 



Bartlett's account held place for nearly thirty years as the main reli- 

 ance of compilers, and it forms today one of the most circumstantial 

 and comprehensive descriptions extant. Other descriptions appeared 

 at intervals of a few years, some compiled from Bartlett and Font, 

 others based on personal observation, but none of them containing 

 anything new, until the account of Mr. A. F. Bandelier, published 

 some ten years ago,' is reached. 



Mr. Bandelier described the large group, of which the Casa Grande 

 forms a part, and gave its dimensions as 400 meters (1,300 feet) north 

 and south by 200 meters (650 feet) east and west. He also described 

 and gave measurements of the Casa Grande proper and discusses its 

 place in the field of aboriginal architecture. In a later publication^ he 

 discussed the ruin at somewhat greater length, and presented also a 

 rough sketch plan of the group and ground plans of the Casa Grande and 

 of the mound north of it. He gave a short history of the ruin and quite 

 an extended account of the Pima traditions concerning it. He consid- 

 ered the Casa Grande a stronghold or fortress, a place of last resort, 

 the counterpart, functionally, of the blockhouse of the early settlers of 

 eastern United States. 



In 1888 Mr. F. H. Gushing i^resented to the Congres International 

 des Am^ricanistes^ some "Preliminary notes" on his work as director of 

 the Hemenway southwestern archeological expedition. Mr. Gushing 

 did not describe the Casa Grande, but merely alluded to it as a sur- 



'Arcbseological Inst, of Atner., 5th Ann. Kep. , 1884. 



^Papers Archseol. Inst, of Araer., Amer. ser., iv, Cambridge, 1892, p. 453 et seq. 



•Berlin meeting, 1888; Compte- Rendu, Berlin, 1890, p. 150 et sea. 



