298 CASA GRANDE KUIN. [etb.ann.13 



viviiig example of the temple, or principal structure, wliicli occurred 

 in conjunction with nearly all the settlements studied. As Mr. Cush- 

 ing's work was devoted, however, to the investigation of remains anal- 

 ogous to, if not identical with, the Casa Grande, his report forms a 

 valuable contribution to the literature of this subject, and although 

 not everyone can accept the broad inferences and generaUzations 

 drawn by Mr. Gushing — of which he was able, unfortunately, to present 

 only a mere statement — the report should be consulted by every stu- 

 dent of southwestern archeology. 



The latest contribution to the literature of the Gasa Grande is a 

 report by Dr. J. Walter Fewkes,' also of the Hemenway expedition, 

 under the title "On the present condition of a ruin in Arizona called 

 Casa Grande." Two magnificent illustrations are presented, engTav- 

 ings from photographs, showing general views of the ruin, as well as a 

 number of views depicting details, and the ground plan presented at 

 the end of the report is the best so far published. It is unfortunate 

 that this author was not able to give more time to the study of the ruin ; 

 yet his report is a valuable contribution to our knowledge concerning 

 the Casa Grande. 



DESCRIPTION. 



THE CASA GRANDE GROUP. 



The Casa Grande has been variously placed at from 2 leagues to 2 

 miles south of GUa river. The writer has never traversed the distance 

 from the ruin to the river, but the ruin is about a mile from Walker 

 ranch, which is well known in that neighborhood, and about half a 

 mile from the river. This question, however, is not of much impor- 

 tance, as the ruin is easily found by anyone looking for it, being located 

 directly on one of the stage routes from Casa Grande station, on the 

 Southern Pacitic railroad, to Florence, Arizona, and about 9 miles 

 below, or west of, the latter place. 



The name Casa Grande has been usually applied to a single struc- 

 ture standing near the southwestern corner of a large area covered by 

 mounds and other debris, but some writers have applied it to the south- 

 western portion of the area and even to the whole area. The latter 

 seems the proper application of the term, but to avoid confusion, where 

 both the settlement as a whole and that portion which has formed the 

 theme of so many writers are referred to, the settlement will be desig- 

 nated as the Casa Grande group, and the single structure with stand- 

 ing walls as the Casa Grande ruin. 



Probably no two investigators would assign the same limits to the 

 area covered by the group, as the margins of this area merge imper- 

 ceptibly into the surrounding country. The accompanying map (plate 

 Li) shows this area as interpreted by the writer. The surface covered 



• Jour, of Amer. Ethn. and Arch., Cambridge, 1892, vol. ii. page 179 et seq. 



