MiNDELEFFl DIMENSIONS OF CASA GRANDE. 307 



region, ;i period when by reason of natural increase of numbers, or 

 perhaps aggregation of related gentes, the defense motive no longer 

 dominated the selection of a village site, bnt reliance was placed on 

 numbers and character of structures, and the builders felt free to 

 select a site with reference only to their wants as a horticultural peo- 

 ple. This period or stage has been reached by many ot the Pueblo 

 tribes, although mostly within the historical period; but some of them, 

 the Tusayan for example, are still in a prior stage. 



A ground plan of the ruin is shown in plate lii, and a general view 

 in plate liii. The area covered and inclosed by standing walls is about 

 4;-$ feet by 59 feet, but the building is not exactly rectangular, and the 

 common statement that it faces the cardinal points is erroneous. The 

 variation from the magnetic north is shown on the ground plan, which was 

 made in Decembei-, 1800. The building comprised three central rooms, 

 each approximately 10 by 24 feet, arranged side by side with the longer 

 axes north and south, and two other rooms, each about 9 by 35 feet, 

 occui)ying respectively the northern and southern ends of the building, 

 and arranged transversely across the ends of the central rooms, with 

 the longer axes running east and west. Except the central room, which 

 was three stories in height, all the rooms were two stories above the 

 ground. The northeastern and southeastern corners of the structure 

 have fallen, and large blocks of the material of which they were com- 

 posed are strewn upon the ground in the vicinity. It is probable that 

 the destruction of these corners prior to that of the rest of the build 

 ing was due to the disintegration of minor walls connected with them 

 and extending, as shown by the ridges on the ground plan, north 

 ward from the northeastern corner and eastward from the southeast- 

 ern corner. These walls doubtless formed part of the original struc 

 ture and were probably erected with it; otherwise the corners of the 

 main structure would not have been torn out or strained enough to 

 fall before the rest of the builduig was affected. 



It is not likely that the main building originally stood alone as at 

 present. On the contrary there is every reason to suppose that it was 

 connected with other buildings about 75 feet east of it, now marked by 

 a bit of standing wall shown on the map (plate Li), and probably also 

 with a small structure about 170 feet south of it, shown in plate Liv. 

 These connections seem to have been by open courts inclosed by walls 

 and not by continuous buildings. The court east of the ruin is well 

 marked by the contours and seems to have been entered by a gateway 

 or opening at its southeastern corner. 



DIMENSIONS. 



It is probable that the area immediately adjacent to the ruin, and 

 now covered by mounds, carried buildings of the same time with the 

 main structure and was occupied contemporaneously with it or nearly 

 so. This area, well marked on the map, measures about 400 feet 



