312 CASA GRANDE IIUIN. [eth.ann. 13 



tion it may be stated that a calculation of the amount of debris witliin 

 the building and for a distance of 10 feet about it in every direction, 

 tlie interior floor level being determined by excavation, showed an 

 amount of material wlucli, added to the walls, would raise them less 

 than 3 feet; in other words, the present height of the walls is very 

 nearly the maximum height. 



Subsequent to this examination the ruin was cleared out by con- 

 tractors for the Government in carrying out a plan for the repair and 

 preservation of the ruin, and it was reported that in one of the rooms 

 a floor level below that previously determined was found, making an 

 underground story or cellar. This would but slightly modify the fore- 

 going conclusion, as the additional debris would raise the walls less 

 than a foot, and in the calculation no account was taken of material 

 removed from the surface of the walls. 



In support of the hypothesis that the second roof level of the northern 

 room was the top roof, it may be stated that there is no trace of au 

 opening in the walls above that level, except on the western side. 

 There was a narrow opening in the western corner, but so well filled 

 that it is hardly perceptible. Doubtless it formed a niche or opening 

 in the parapet. 



The southern wall on the first roof level still preserves very clear 

 and distinct impressions of the rushes which were used in the con- 

 struction of the roof. In some cases these impressions occur 3 inches 

 above the top of the floor beams, in others directly above them, show- 

 ing that the secondary series of poles was very irregularly placed. 

 In the eastern and western walls the impressions of rushes are also 

 clear, but there they are parallel with the wall surface. The rushes 

 were about the thickness of a pencil. 



The floor joists were 3 to 4 inches in diameter, and as a rule pro- 

 jected into the wall but 5 to 8 inches. In some places in the northern 

 wall, however, they extended into the masonry as much as 3 feet 3 

 inches. The beams were doubtless cut by guess, at the jDlace where 

 trees of the requisite size were found, according" to the method em- 

 ployed by the Pueblo Indians today, and if, as supposed, the northern 

 room was built after the rest of the structure, the excess in length 

 would necessarily be found in the northern wall. 



In the roof construction previously described rushes or canes formed 

 the third member, and in the northern room the wall is rough immedi- 

 ately above the impressions of rushes, and projects 8 to 12 inches. 

 This feature is well marked; it may be a remnant of the clay covering 

 of floor or roof, but it is almost too thick for that and possibly marks 

 the position of a low bench, as previously suggested. The bottoms of 

 the openings come just to or a trifle above the top of this marking. 



The walls of the western room were smoothly finished and the finish 

 is well preserved, but here, as in the northern room, the exterior wall 

 of the middle room was not finished above the second roof level, and 



