356 ZUNI CREATION MYTHS. [eth.a.to. 13 



esiiecially witli corresponding terms in the Yavapai Tulkepaiya and 

 other dialects of the Yiiman. In fact, all the terms in Zuni for the four 

 quarters are twofold and different, according as used familiarly or rit- 

 ualistically. That for west, for instance, is in the archaic and ritual- 

 istic form, K^ydliski'iiilinn Uihna, and signifies "direction of the home, 

 or source of mists and waters, or the sea;" which, when the Zuni abode 

 in the farther southwest near the Pacific, was the appropriate name for 

 west. But the familiar name for west in modern Zuni is Siiithakicin 

 tdhna, the '-dii-ection of the place of evening," which is today equally 

 appropriate for their plateau-encircled home of the far inland. 



"North," in the archaic form, is now nearly lost; yet in some of the 

 more mystic rituals it occurs as both Wlmaiyaicun tdhna ( Wilutaiya 

 is "north"' iu the Yuma), "direction of the oak mountains,'' and Yd'la- 

 tcaunankwin tdhna, literally "direction of the place of the mountain 

 ranges," which from the lower Colorado and southern Arizona are toward 

 the north, but from northern ZuFii are not so conspicuous as iu the 

 other direction, as, for instance, toward the southwest. On the other 

 hand, if we consider the familiar i)hrase for north, P'ish'lanl-ir'in tdhna, 

 "direction of the wind-swept plains," or of the "plains of the mightiest 

 winds," to have been inherited from the aboriginal round-town Zuiiis, 

 then it was natural enough for them to have named the north as they 

 did; for to the north of their earlier homes in the cliffs and beyond lay 

 the measureless jilains where roamed the strong Bison (iod of Winds, 

 whence came his fierce northern breath and bellowings in the roar of 

 storms in winter. 



The east, in common language, signifies "direction of the coming of 

 day;" but in the ritual speech signifies "direction of the plains of day- 

 light" — a literal description of the great Yuma desert as seen at day- 

 break from the Colorado region, but scarcely applicable to the country 

 eastward from Zuni, which is rugged and broken until the Llanos 

 Estacados of Texas are I'eached. 



The diverse meaning of terms in Zufii architecture is no less signifi- 

 cant of the diverse conditions and opposite directions of derivation of 

 the ZuTJi ancestry. If the aboriginal branch of the Zuiii were derived 

 from the dwellers iu the northern cliff towns, as has been assumed, 

 then Ave would expect to find surviving in the names of such structural 

 features of their pueblos as resulted from life in the clifts linguistic 

 evidence, as in the structures themselves material evidence, of the fact. 

 Of this, as will i^reseutly be shown, thei e is an abundance. 



If the intrusive branch of the Zuni ancestry were, as has also been 

 assumed, of extreme southwestern origin, then we should expect to flud 

 linguistic evidence of a similar nature, say, as to the structural modifi- 

 cations of the cliff-dweller and round-town architecture which their 

 arrival at and ultimate position iu these towns might lead us to expect 

 to find, and which in fact is to be abundantly traced in later Zuiii ruins, 

 like those of the historic Seven Cities of Cibola. 



