366 ZUXI CREATION MYTHS. iEiu. ann. 13 



and that, followiug them in this, the dwellers iu the round towus 

 buried their dead also iu the houses and to the rear — that is, just out- 

 side of their villages. It remains to be stated that nearly all of the 

 Yuman tribes, and some even of the Pimau tribes, of the lower Colorado 

 region disposed of their dead chiefly by cremation. Investigation of the 

 square house remains which lie scattered over the southwestern and 

 central portions of Arizona would seem to indicate that the western 

 branch of tlie Zufii ancestry continued this practice of cremating the 

 greater number of their dead. If this be true, the custom on the one 

 hand of cremating the dead, which was observed by Castaneda at 

 Miitsaki, one of the principal of the Seven Cities of Cibola, and the 

 practice of burying the dead observed by others of the earliest Spanish 

 explorers, are easily accounted for as being survivals of the dilfering 

 customs of the two iJeoples composing the Zuni tribe at that time. As 

 has been mentioned in the first part of this introductory, both of these 

 very different customs continued ceremonially to be performed, even 

 after disposal of the dead solely bj?^ burial under the influence of the 

 Franciscan fathers came to bean established custom. 



In the Ka'kii, or the mythic drama dance organization of the Zuuis, 

 there is equal evidence of dual origin, for while in the main the M'kd 

 of the Zunis corresi)onds to the l;atzina of the Kio (Irande Pueblo tribes 

 and to the hachina of the Tusayan Indians, yet it possesses certain dis- 

 tinct and apparently extraneous features. The most notable of these 

 is found in that curious organization of priest-clowns, the Ka'yimiishi, 

 the myth of the origin of which is so fully given iu the following out- 

 lines (see page -lOl). It will be seen tliat in this myth these Ka'yimashi 

 are described as having heads covered with welts or knobs, that they are 

 referred to not only as "husbands of the sacred dance" or the "fca'fca" 

 (from Jcd'kd and ycinashi, as in oyemiishi, husband or married to) and as 

 the Old Ones or A'-hliishiwi'. 



Throughout the Rio Colorado region, and associated with all the 

 remaining ruins of the rancheria builders in central and even eastern 

 Arizona as well, are found certain concretions or other nodular and 

 usually very rough stones, which today, among some of tlie Yumau 

 tribes, are used as fetiches connected both with water worship and 

 household worship. Among the sacred objects said to have been 

 brought by the Zuni ancestry from the places of creation are a number 

 of such fetich-stones, and in all the ruins of the later Zuili towns such 

 fetich-stones are also found, especially before rude altars in the plazas 

 and around ancient, lonely shrines on the mesas and in the mountains. 

 These fetich-stones are today referred to as d'-hUishiwe^ or stone an- 

 cients, from rt, a stone, ^Idii'shi, aged one, and tve, a plural suflBx. The 

 resemblance of this name to the A'^hUifshiive as a name of the Ka'ye- 

 miishi strongly suggests that the nodular shape and knobbed mask- 

 heads of these priest-clowns are but dramatic i)ersonifications of these 

 "stone ancients," and if one examine such stones, especially when used 



