XVIII BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



industries is elaborated in an earlier report, the material 

 for which was revised during the year. 



In continuing the preparation of his memoir on the 

 contents of the Florida shell mounds and muck beds, Mr 

 Gushing brought out many new examples of that ideative 

 association which forms the basis of zoomimic indus- 

 try. Several of these examples were found in the muck- 

 preserved implem.ents and weapons of wood from Florida ; 

 others were found in various museums in the form of 

 artifacts of stone, and even of metal, shaped in imitation 

 of animals, or furnished with symbols of animals and 

 animal organs; still others were found in the hiero- 

 glyphics and hieratic codices of Mexico and Yucatan. 

 The assemblage of objects seems clearly to indicate 

 that while the zoomimic motive was the primary one 

 and stood nearly alone at and long after its inception, 

 it was not completely disjilaced by the protolithic or even 

 by the technolithic motives of higher stages, but per- 

 sisted in connection with these quite up to the time of 

 Caucasian invasion — indeed, it would appear that the 

 zoomimic motive in handicraft was the correlative and 

 concomitant of that zootheism out of which none of 

 the tribes had completely risen up to the time of the 

 Discovery. 



In the course of his reconnaissance of the inhabited 

 and ruined pueblos in New Mexico and Arizona, Mr 

 F. W. Hodge, with his companions, brought to light a 

 number of notable examples of stone work. Two types 

 are especially instructive. The first of these is repre- 

 sented by the ruins in Cebollita valley. The stones used 

 in the walls were cleft with great regularity and laid, 

 after careful facing by battering, in such manner as 

 to produce a practically smooth surface, with corners 

 squared almost as neatly as those of a well -laid brick 

 structure. The second type, also represented by ruins in 

 the Cebollita valley, is similar, save that the corners 

 were rounded apparently on a uniform radius, while the 

 stones were dressed in such a manner as to conform to 



