XXXVI BUREAt' (IF AMETICAN ETHNOLOOY 



similar to tliose of the native artisans ; in this art lie 

 attained skill to a uniqne degree, and through it he gained 

 nniqne understanding of the processes of primitive men. 

 In 1874, at the age of 17, he sent to Secretary Baird an 

 account of the Antiquities of Orleans County, N. Y., 

 which was published in the Smithsonian Report for that 

 year; this Avas based on his wigwam collection, which 

 later passed into the National Museum. In 1876 he had 

 charge of a portion of the National Museum collection at 

 the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, where he edi- 

 fied visiting archeologists by his interpretation and imita- 

 tion of native handicraft; for his skill extended from 

 stone chipping to pottery making, basket building, weav- 

 ing, skin dressing, and all other native arts. In 1879 

 Major Powell employed him in the Bureau of American 

 Ethnology, at first in collecting artifacts from the pueblos ; 

 Init the innate sympathy with simple life acquired in his 

 isolated l)oyhood soon brought him into intimate relations 

 with the living tribesmen, and the bond became so strong 

 that he decided to remain at Zuni, where for five years 

 he was as one of the tribe. After mastering the language 

 he acquainted himself with the Zufii arts and industries ; 

 he was adopted into the ancient Macaw elan and the 

 sacred name "• Medicine -flower," borne by only one per- 

 son in a lifetime, was given him; then he was initiated 

 into tril)al fraternities and gradually inducted into the 

 religious ceremonies and mysteries ; and long before he 

 left the pueblo he was second chief of the ti'ibe, the Head 

 Priest of the Bow, and lived in the family of the gov- 

 ernor, wearing native costume, eating native food, and 

 participating in all native occupations and pastimes. 

 Such was Cushiug's college course in ethnology. 



When he left Zuhi Mr Cushing brought with him to 

 Boston and other Eastern cities a party of Zuhi headmen 

 and priests, who attracted much attention and awakened 

 deep interest in aboriginal life. One of the results was 

 the organization of the Hemenway Archeological Expedi- 

 tion, endowed by the late Mrs Mary Hemenway, of Bos- 

 ton; in 1886-88 Mr Cushing had charge of the work. 



