18 HOPI KATCINAS [eth. ann. 21 



is continually going on in the character of the personations in masked 

 dauccs. It is more especially to the ancient or almost forgotten varie- 

 ties that we should look for aid in making a classification of katcinas. 



The pictures have been arranged primarily on a basis of the sequence 

 of appearance in the annual calendar. Possibly a more comprehen- 

 sive classification of the pictures might be made with reference to the 

 clans which introduced them, and tables are given with that thought in 

 mind, but there is little possibility that a classification of this kind can 

 be made complete, since the clan origin of many katcinas will always 

 remain unknown. 



The classification of katcinas by names leads to important results, 

 but the nomenclature, for many reasons, is often deceptive. The 

 same god ma}- have several attributal or clan names which have sur- 

 vived from the different languages spoken originally by component 

 clans of the tribe. Certain peculiarities of song or step of the per- 

 sonator, or a marked or striking symbol on his paraphernalia, may 

 have given a name having no relation to the spirit personated. Keep- 

 ing this fact in mind, and i-emembering the permanency of symbols 

 and the changeability of nomenclature, we are able to discover the 

 identitj- of personations bearing widel}' different names. 



An important aspect of the study of these pictures is the light their 

 names often throw on their derivation. We find some of them called 

 l)y Zuiiian, others bj' Keresan, Tanoan, Piman, and Yuman names, 

 according to their derivation. Others have names which are dis- 

 tinctl}' Hopi. This composite nomenclature of their gods is but a 

 reflection of the Hopi laijguage, which is a mosaic of manj' different 

 linguistic stocks. No race illustrates better than the Hopi the per- 

 petual changes going on in languages which Payne so abh' discusses 

 in the second volume of his History of America. The successive clans 

 which united with the original settlers at Walpi introduced many 

 words of their peculiar idioms, and it is doubtful whether the present 

 Walpians speak the same tongue that the Snake (Telia) clans spoke 

 when tlicv lived at Tokonabi. their ancient home in northern Arizona. 



HOPI FERIAL CALENDAR 



Peculiar Fkatures 



The author will first sketch the ferial calendar" of Walpi and give a 

 brief account of the nature of the rites occurring each month, having 

 especially in mind the personages here figured; ])ut only so much of 

 this calendar will be given as will help to explain the pictures and 

 render the paraphernalia intelligible. 



"For ferial calendar of the Hopis, see Internationales Archlv fiir Ethnographie. Band vin, 1895. pp. 

 215, 236; American Anthropologist, vol. XI, 1898; Fifteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnol- 

 ogy, 1897, p. 260 et seq. 



