32 HOPI KATCINAS [eth. ann.21 



DANCES IN THE KIVAS 



On every night from the opening- to the close of the festival there 

 were dances, iinuiasked or masked, in all the kivas of the East mesa. 



There are personations in nine different kivas at the same time, and 

 although the author has obtained the names and pictures of the 

 katcinas personated, it was quite impossible for him to witness all 

 these dances. 



The unmasked dances of katcinas in the kivas are called by the same 

 name as when masks are worn. Some of them are in the nature of 

 rehearsals. When the dance takes place in the public' plaza, all the 

 paraphernalia are ordinarily worn, but the dances without masks in the 

 kivas are supposed to ])e equally efficacious. 



On account of the large number of masked men who appear in 

 Powamu. it is one of the most important festivals in which to stud}' 

 katcinas. The whole ceremony is of from sixteen to twenty days' 

 duration, and will later be described in extenso, but for a proper 

 understanding of the functions of the masked personators a summary 

 is introduced of the events of each day in the celebration in 1900. 



On the night of February 1 there occurred in all kivas a series of 

 dances of strange character. They followed one after another in rapid 

 succession, and while they took place in all the kivas. the author wit- 

 nessed them in only one. 



Fh'sf Act 



The first dance was performed by men from the Nacab kiva. The 

 men represented all the birds which the Hopis personate in their dances, 

 and the personations were ver)' good. They wore bird masks, their 

 bodies were painted, and small feathers were stuck on their naked legs, 

 arms, and bodies with pitch. They imitated to perfection the step, 

 cr}', and motions of Kwahu (Eagle), Palakwayo (Red Hawk), Totca 

 (Humming-bird), Monwu (Owl), Koyona taka (Cock), Koyona mana 

 (Hen), Yaupa (Mocking-bird) Patszro (Quail). Keca (Hawk), Hotsko 

 (Owl?). Three bees (Momo) were also personated, and the men per- 

 sonating them went about the kiva imitating bees stinging by shooting 

 miniature arrows at the spectators. 



SVr,»»</ Act 



The Tewa kiva contributed a number of nuidheads called Koyimsi 

 (a Zufii name), who danced and sang, performing certain obscene acts 

 which need not be described. 



TlurJ Act 



A large delegation of Sio (Zuni) katcinas performed the third dance, 

 which occurred shortlv after that of the mudheads. Thev came from 



