50 HOPI KATCINAS [eth. a.n.n. 21 



appear. In the exhibition of 1893, the only one previous to 1900 on 

 which we have reliable notes, there was one performance with a sun 

 screen and serpent effigies which were manipulated by the men of the 

 kiva under the Snake rock. The symbols depicted on this screen 

 differed somewhat from those on the screen emploj-ed in 1900, but the 

 general character of the performance with it was the same. Briefly 

 considered the acts given in 1S93 were as follow: 



First act. An exhibition with the sun screen and serpent effigies bj^ 

 men of Nacab kiva similar to the first act of 1900, but in which the actors 

 personated Pawik (Duck), Tacab (Navaho), Hahai wi'iqti, and others. 

 A masked man (Calako) stood before the screen holding in his arms 

 an effigy of a Great Snake with which he appeared to struggle, and 

 for that reason was called ''The Struggling One.'' The serpent effigy 

 carried was manijjulated in such a way that the man and snake 

 ajjpeared to be engaged in a combat, much as in the fifth act of 1900, 

 except that the serpent effigj" was not thrown through an opening 

 closed by a disk bearing sun symbols. The manipulator wore a false 

 arm " hanging from one shoulder in place of his real arm, M'hich was 

 thrust within the body of the effigy, grasping a stick, the "backbone" 

 of the monster. 



Second act. Dance of masked men representing Anya katcinas. 



Third act. Dance of masked men representing Tacab katcinas. 



Fourth act. Dance of masked men repi'esenting clowns and two 

 Huhuan katcinas. 



Fifth art. Dance of men personating women of the Owakiiltu society, 

 who threw their baskets to the spectators. 



Sixth act. Dance of men representing old women bearing willow 

 wands. 



Seventh act. Dance of masked men representing Tanoan Afiya 

 katcinas. 



The god of death, Masauii,'' was personated in the 1893 exhibition 

 and appeared in the plaza about 2 p. m., "dancing through Walpi 

 with a hobbling movement, singing snatches of a song. He was 

 masked and wrapped in a vabl)it-skin rug, and went to all the kivas, 

 beating the entrance with a bush"' {Bigdovia graveolens). 



On the da^' following the night exhibition in 1893 there were public 

 dances of the Tacab and Ailya katcinas. 



rARAPHKRNALIA USED, THEIU f'ONSTRUCTION AND SYMBOLISM 



The effigies of Paliiliikon now used at the East mesa are not very 

 ancient, although there are one or two which show considerable antiq- 

 uity'. One of these older specimens has a body of buckskin, liut the 

 majority, and all the recent ones, are made of cotton cloth. The 



a For figures of the false arm see Journal of American Folk-Lore, vol. vi, 1S93, plate ii. 

 tTwo boys took this part in 1900. 



