fEWKEs] PALULUKONTI, OR aSKWANTI 51 



present screens are of the latter material, but these are commonly 

 said to have replaced others of skin or native cloth. The Walpi men 

 made two new serpent effigies in their kivas in 1900, and all the 

 material of which they were njanufactured was purchased from the 

 neighboring- trader at Keams Canyon. 



p]ach of the three pueblos. Hano, Sichumovi. and Walpi, has several 

 of these serpent effigies, which are kept in the houses of the following 

 clans: 



Hano, Sa (Tobacco) clan; Sichmnovi, Patki (Kain-cloud) clan; A\'alpi, 

 Tciia (Snake) clan, Pakab (Reed) clan. 



In ancient times they were kept in stone inclosurcs outside the 

 pueblos, but these receptacles have been abandoned of late, on account 

 of the inroads of nomads. It is said that the Oraibi and ]Middle mesa 

 pueblos still have extramural receptacles for the PaliiliikoiT effigies. 

 The house of the ancient Plumed Snake of Hano is a small cave in the 

 side of the mesa near the ruin Tiirkinobi, where several broken serpent 

 heads and effigy ribs, or wooden hoops, can now be seen, although the 

 entrance is walled up and rarely opened. 



A knowledge of the mechanical construction of the serpent effigies 

 maj' aid in an understanding of their manipulation. Their heads are 

 either cut out of cottonwood or made of gourds, and are painted, and 

 the protuberant goggle-e3"es are small buckskin bags tied to the top. 

 Each head bears a medial horn curving forward, sometimes made with 

 joints and at other times solid. A radiating crest of hawk feathers is 

 tied verticalh' to the back of the head. The teeth are cut in the gourd 

 or wood of which the head is made and are painted red. The tongue 

 is a leather strap, also painted red, and protrudes from the mouth a 

 considerable distance. The top of the head is black, the bottom white, 

 and these same colors continue along the sides of the body. 



The body consists of a central stick, called a backbone, over which 

 is extended a covering that is held in place by a series of hoops 

 graduated in size from the neck to the end. The effigy is manipulated 

 by means of a stick, held by a man behind the screen. The "'liack- 

 bone" has a ferule cut in it a few inches back of the neck, and to this 

 ferule are tied a quartz crystal called the heart and a package which 

 contains corn seeds of all colors, melon, squash, cotton, and other 

 seeds, and a black prayer-stick. The cotton cloth stretched over the 

 series of hoops, called ribs, which form the body, is painted 1)lack above 

 and white below, with a red streak at the dividing line, where there 

 are also other markings and symbols, like those on the kilts of the 

 Snake priests. 



The backbones of the two effigies which M'ere made to rise out of 

 the va.ses were short and stumpy, but they have a " heart" similar to 

 the longer ones, and an attached package of seeds. 



