62 HOPI KATCINAS [eth. axn. 21 



TCAK^VAINA " 



(Plate lY) 



The matriarchal clan system is well preserved in the personages 

 represented in the Tcakwaina katcina dances. In them there are the 

 Tcakwaina men, the elder sister, the mother, the uncle, his lirothers 

 and sisters — in fact, representatives of the whole clan. The following 

 pictures occur in the collection: 



Tcakwaina (male ) 

 Tcakwaina niana 

 Tcakwaina yuadta (his mother) 

 Tcakwaina taamu (their uncle) 



These pictures afford interesting examples of katcinas introduced 

 bj' a Tewan clan, the Asa, and when the personations or the drawings 

 representing the Hopi personages are compared with those of Zuiii, 

 eastern Keresan, and Tanoan pueblos, where similar Tcakwaina dances 

 are celebrated, it will probably be found that there is a close resem- 

 blance between them. The Asa or Tcakwaina people also claim to 

 have inti-oduced into Tusayan Loiica and Kokopelli, pictures of which 

 ai'e given in plates iii and xxv. 



TcAKWAiXA (Male) 



The picture of the male Tcakwaina has a black, glossy * face, with 

 white bearded chin and serrated teeth. The jellow eyes are cres- 

 centic in form, and there is a warrior emblem attached to the hair. 

 The shoulders are painted 3'ellow, the body and upper arms black. 

 As this being is regarded as a warrior, his picture shows a bow and 

 arrows and a rattle. The kilt, probably Imckskin, is undecorated, but 

 is tied by a belt ornamented with the silver disks so common among 

 Zunis and Navahos. 



A heliuet of Tcakwaina which is said to be very ancient and to have 

 been brought to Tusayan b}' the Asa people when thej- came from Zufii 

 is exhibited in one of the kivas at the festival of the winter solstice. 

 The eyes of this mask are round instead of crescentic, and its snout is 

 ver\- protuberant. Curved sticks like those used by girls in dressing 

 their hair are attached to this mask. 



The introduction of a personation of Tcakwaina in the Pamiirti is 

 fitting, for this festival is the katcina return dance of the Tcakwaina 

 or Asa clans. The Pamiirti is a Zuni dance, and the Asa are repre- 

 sented in Zuni by descendants of those Asa women who remained 

 there while the rest went on to Tusaj^an. This explains why the Zufiis 

 claim this settlement as one of their pueblos in Tusayan. 



n The name Tcakwaina is said to occur in Zufiian, Keresan, and Tanoan, as well as Hopi speech, 

 hMade so by use of albumen of egg. For picture of doll, see Internationales Archiv fur Ethno- 

 graphic, Band vir. pi. x, fig. 34. 



