CASTOROLOGIA. 



199 



incorporated in the Arms of Canada difiered, it was thought that 

 the opinion of the Herald's College on this point would settle it sat- 

 isfactorily, but great surprise followed the announcement that neither 

 beaver, crown nor wreath pertained to t -e Arms of the Dominion of 

 Canada. In earlier times the beaver had been adopted in the de- 

 signs for Canadian currency and postage stamps, and the accom- 

 panying shield with its very curious heraldic beaver is supposed to 

 have been at one time the Arms of Canada. " Arg-f. quartered by 

 cross, Gzdes, having lion passant, gardt, in centre, Or ; First quarter, 

 a beaver couchant ; second, saw and hatchet crossed ; third plough ; 



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EARLY ARMS OF CANADA (UNAUTHEXTICATED). 



fourth, wheatsheaf ; all of the third, in a chief of the same, a wreath 

 between two leaves and eight stars, Vert" 



In the first number of the "Dominion Illustrated," published 

 July 7th, 1888, notice was taken of the fact that Canadian Confeder- 

 ation had just completed its twenty- first anniversary, and the occa- 

 sion was chosen to suggest a design for a permanent coat-of-arms. 

 "There is first the shield divided into four quarters, representing 

 the four races whose bone and muscle, whose brains and toil, whose 

 pluck and money have made this country what it is, and laid the 

 foundation of that mightier structure which it is going to become in 



