100 ME. BOSCAWEN ON THE HISTORICAL 



speaks of an expedition he sent to ravage the land of Anzan, 

 This land of Anzan ("^Hr yy '-'^1) was the district of Elam, 

 watered by the Ulai — the modern Karun — and its tributary the 

 Disful^ and had for its capital the city of Shusan^ the region 

 which in after-time formed the kingdom of Cyrus before he 

 became ruler of Media and Persia. Another name of this 

 region in the inscriptions appears to have been Aipir^ or, in the 

 inscriptions of the Achgemenian age, Khalpirti, with the 

 prefixed guttural and inserted labial. This must be the same 

 as the Apirak mentioned in the inscriptions of Naram-Sin. 

 The constant wars between the States of Ansan or Elam and 

 Chaldea led to the overthrow of many dynasties in either 

 land, and it was no doubt on account of one of these 

 campaigns that Kudur-Nakhundi invaded. Chaldea in 

 B.C. 2280, aud conquered southern Chaldea, with its 

 capital city of Erech — the ruins of which are marked by the 

 mounds of Warka. 



This conquest of Chaldea by the King of Elam was a very 

 important event, and very closely connected, we shall sec, 

 with the migration of Abram. In B.C. 2280 this Elamito 

 dynasty was established by Kudur-Nakhundi, and early in the 

 reign of Khammurabi, the seventh king in the Babylonian 

 dynasty I have already given, we have this date given on a 

 tablet. '' In the month Sebat, 23rd day, the year Khammu- 

 rabi the King, in the service of Bel, favourably marched. 

 The lord of Yamutbul and King Rim-Aku he defeated.''^ 

 (W.A.I., iv. 37, No. 22.) The tablet therefore, I believe, 

 records the overthrow of the dynasty of Elamite rulers in 

 Chaldea, aud so we must place our dynasty between B.C. 2280 

 and 2120, that is a period of a hundred and sixty years. The tab- 

 lets afford us some more information as to this Elamite dynasty 

 and their rule. In another tablet dated in the reign of this 

 king Rim-Aku, >-yy<y -t^'-yf'^ ""^TII ^yy? ^6 is called King of 



^^i^ -<3<<^y <iii <y^;^y ^\ -<3<<iy <m> ur-un(ki)_u ud-un-(ki). 



King of Ur and Larsa. Now the marble cylinder of this 

 king, which I give a translation of at the end of this paper, 

 commences with the words "^ To the Goddess of Zariuna, his 

 lady EEi-AKU, King of Larsa (ud-un-ki) for his life, and the 

 life of his father Kudur-Mabug." This text, therefore, gives 

 us the name of the father of Eki-aku or Rim-aku, and on the 

 bronze statue in the Louvre dedicated by these two kings, 

 Kudur-Mabug has the title of Lord of Yamutbul, a district of 

 Elam. We may therefore identify Rim-aku or Eri-aku and 

 his father Kudur-Mabug as the two kings defeated by Kham- 

 murabi. In his valuable guide to the Koyunjik Gallery of 

 the British Museum (p. 8) Mr. Pinches says, ^'Khammurabi 

 ruled in Babylon, whilst Kudur-Mabug and Rim-Aku, his son. 



