;324 M. G. MASPERO 



Lecause be has spolien to me on tbe subject. I tbink that tbe great value 

 of tbis paper is tbat it contains as accurate a translation as we sball probably 

 ever have of tbese lists, by one of tbe first Egyptologists in the world, and 

 their transcription into Hebrew characters by a scholar of M. Maspero's 

 standing. With regard to bis identification of Qodsbu with Qod^hu on tbe 

 Orontes, T fully agree with him. I think tbat tbe campaign of Tbotbmes at 

 that time was largely directed against the Ilittites, the seat of whose 

 power was at Qodsbu, on the Orontes. I also agree with M. Maspero in 

 placing Magidi (Megiddo) at Lejjun. Captain Conder says tbis is merely an 

 opinion of Eobinson's, but I do not agree with him on tbis point, for in tbe 

 Bible Megiddo is closely connected with Taanach. There is another point 

 ■with regard to Megiddo. Those who know tbe geography of Palestine are 

 nware that from the great central range of hills from north to south a 

 large spur runs out into tbe sea — the ridge of Carmel. Tbe great object of 

 the Egyptian armies was not to attack the Jews, whom they probably looked 

 upon much as we regard the hill-tribes in India, but to get at their 

 enemies, the Ilittites in earlier days, and tbe Assyrians in later days, and 

 their line of march would probably follow tbe best route for effecting 

 tbat object. The ordinary route would be up tbe great plain of Pbilistia, 

 and over tbe ridge of Carmel by tbe road leading to Lejjun. If we turn to 

 a later period, and examine tbe campaign in which Josiah met his death, we 

 shall see that it almost furnishes another proof that Megiddo lies in that 

 direction. Tbe Egyptian army was at that time on its way to attack the 

 Assyrians. For causes of which we know nothing at the present day, 

 Josiah determined to attack the Egyptians whilst they were on the march. 

 With bis small force of soldiers, he did not dare to attack the immense 

 Egyptian army whilst it was in the plains of Philistiii, but he marched 

 through Judea and Samaria to tbis particular pass, which leads over Carmel 

 to the plains of Megiddo, expecting to catch the Egyptians in the defile. So, 

 in the narrative given by the inscriptions, the soldiers are said to have been 

 afraid they would be attacked whilst passing through the defile leading to 

 Megiddo. I also agree with M. Maspero in bis identification of Bierota 

 with tbe Berotha of Josephus, and I think that Berotha was probably situated 

 at tbe foot of tbe bills, near the lake known as tbe Waters of Merom. 



Mr. BoscAWEX. — As Sir Charles Wilson has said, tbis paper is one the 

 great importance of which does not come out until you study it carefully 

 with your map, and especially with tbe topographical information we have 

 in the Scriptures. It is very important to remember tbat these lists from 

 tbe "Temple of Karnak, which so accurately describe tbe geography of 

 Palestine, are dated over 500 years before the time when the topographical 

 chapters in the Book of Joshua were written. If they give us testimony 

 as to tbe names of places corresponding to tbat contained in the Book of 

 Joshua and to the Arabic names, it is a further remarkable proof of tbe 

 wonderful conservatism which always characterises Eastern nations with 

 regard to such names. I might say tbat, were it not for this wonderful 

 system of preserving names which has existed through the whole East, the 



